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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who believed that children are prewired?
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Chomsky - as an innatist, he believed that children have the innate ability to acquire language.
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What is the Language Acquisition Device?
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Something that is switched on in a child's brain at birth that allows them to develop language (Chomsky).
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Who devised the Language Acquisition Device theory?
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Chomsky - this is something that switched on in a child's brain at birth.
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Who believed that there is a critical period and what are they?
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Chomsky - the critical period is between birth and age 12.
Lenneberg - the critical period is between age 2 and puberty. |
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Who believed that children need exposure to language in order to develop it?
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Chomsky and Lenneberg
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What is 'Universal Grammar'?
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This is Chomsky's belief that all languages follow similar grammatical patterns and, consequently, children can understand grammar.
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Whose theory revolves around conditioning behaviour?
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Skinner - in his view, positive and negative reinforcement help shape their language.
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Who believed that children imitate their parents?
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Skinner, Bruner, Brown and Bandura.
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What is positive reinforcement?
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Positive reinforcement - praising a child for doing something. (Skinner)
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What is a 'More Knowledgeable Other'?
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One whom has a better grasp of language than a child (ie. a parent, teacher, siblings, friends, etc.)
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What are the key points of Vygotsky's theory?
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• More Knowledgeable Other
• Zone of Proximal Development • Interaction • Problem solving • Culturally external factors' influence |
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Who believed that children learn from problem solving?
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Vygotsky
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Who believed that children learn through interaction?
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Vygotsky, Bruner and Halliday (interactional function)
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Who stated that learning is an active process?
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Bruner; Reah also stated that 21st century children's experience of narrative is interactive.
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Define 'object permanence'.
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The understanding that objects still exist when they cannot be perceived (Piaget)
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What is the term for children understanding an object exists, even when they cannot be observed?
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Object permanence
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What are the stages and ages of Piaget's theory?
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• Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
• Preoperational (2-6 years) • Concrete Operational (7-11 years) • Formal Operational (12 years to adulthood) |
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At what stage of Piaget's theory do children develop language, playing and pretending?
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Preoperational stage (2-6 years)
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Which theorists believed in the importance of an individual's environment?
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Vygotsky, Pinker, Reah and Bandura
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What are the main points of Gleason's theory?
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• Fathers use complex vocabulary, imperatives and interrogatives
• Mothers scaffold and are more talkative • Children's language is influenced by the parent they spend most time with |
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Who believed that fathers use imperatives?
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Gleason
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Who believed that fathers use interrogatives?
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Gleason
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Who believed mothers are more talkative?
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Gleason
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Who believed that fathers use more complex vocabulary?
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Gleason
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At what age can children understand between 200 and 500 words?
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Between 18 months and 2 years (DCSF)
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At what age do children have approximately a 50 word vocabulary?
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Between 18 months and 2 years (DCSF)
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At what age do children listen to talk that is addressed to them?
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Between 2 and 3 years (DCSF)
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At what age can children understand 'who', 'what' and 'how' questions?
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Between 2 and 3 years (DCSF)
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At what age can children link 4-5 words together?
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Between 2 and 3 years (DCSF)
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What sounds do children have difficulties with between the ages of 2 and 3 (DCSF)?
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The /l/r/j/, /f/θ/ð/ and /s/∫/t∫/ʤ/ phonemes
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At what age do children start conversations?
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Between 3 and 4 years (DCSF)
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At what age do children understand past, present and future?
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Between 3 and 4 years (DCSF)
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Who believed that children frequently ask questions about unfamiliar words?
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The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF)
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What are the seven functions of Halliday's theory?
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Regulatory, Instrumental, Personal, Heuristic, Interactional, Representational and Imaginative
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What is the Instrumental function (Halliday)?
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Expressing need
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What is the Regulatory function (Halliday)?
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Instructions
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What is the Interactional function (Halliday)?
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Socialising
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What is the Personal function (Halliday)?
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Expressing feelings
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What is the Heuristic function (Halliday)?
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Asking for information
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What is the Representational function (Halliday)?
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Conveying information
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What is the Imaginative function (Halliday)?
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Telling stories, jokes and lying
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Which theory is associated with the term 'mean length of utterance'?
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Brown - he found that this increases as children develop language.
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According to Brown, why do children make some mistakes when they are more developed that they did not when they were younger?
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When children are younger, they imitate their parents; however, they start working more independently.
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