Child Dvp Chap 14

Front 1

3 models of moral DVP?

Back 1

1) Piaget's theory
2) Kohlberg's model
3) Turiel's model

Front 2

Piaget's model of moral DVP? (used naturalistic - observed and experimental approach- child had to solve moral dilemmas)

Back 2

Stage 1: (2-4 yrs old) = no real conception of morality, no formal rules, may invent restrictions
Stage 2: (5-7 yrs) = moral realism, reasoning is based on objective/physical aspects of situation- inflexible about changing rules
Stage 3: (8-11 yrs) = moral relativism, rules = agreements, rules can be altered and consider ppl's motives/intentions
Stage 4 = child capable of inventing new rules, extends his moral reasoning beyond personal level (social&political concerns)

Front 3

Kohlberg's model of moral DVP?

Back 3

(inspired from Piaget- uses moral dilemma) stories require what and why the character should act.
1) moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, post conventional (2 substages - social perspective and moral content)
moral content= influence of the child's experiences w/ moral situations

Front 4

Turiel's model of moral dvp?

Back 4

used stories (like moral dilemma's) that depicted the violation of 3 distinct domains:
1) moral domain (ppl's right and welfare)
2) social domain (social conventions are rules that guide social relations among ppl)
3) matters of personal choice (individual preferences have priority - socially regulated but doesnt violate rights/harms of others)

Front 5

altruism?

Back 5

behavior that benefit someone else but offers benefit or cost to the individual performing it.

Front 6

paradox of altruism?

Back 6

reconciliation of self sacrificial behavior w/ concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest.
+ kin selection (ind altruistic behav towards kin increases the likelihood of survival of genes similar to those of the individual.
Reciprocal altruism = ppl will help b/c increases the likelihood that someone will return the favor.

Front 7

dominance hierarchy?

Back 7

structured social group where members higher on the dominance ladder control those who are lower, initially through aggression, conflict or threats

Front 8

distributive justice? (aspect of moral reasoning)

Back 8

distribution of limited amount of resources among a group of deserving people usually assessed by using a reward-allocation task)
Stage 1: (up to 4yrs old) reward distribution is characterized by self interest
Stage 2: (5-6 yrs old) divide rewards according to equality principle (everyone has the same amount)
Stage 3: (7 yrs old) use equity, one who works the most receives more (not always in good proportions)

Front 9

retributive justice? (aspect of moral reasoning)

Back 9

factors used to assign blame or responsibility of a negative act. (3 stages: harm, responsibility, punishment)
Step 1: look if there was any harm
Step 2: if not, no resp or punish, if yes, attempt to determine if the person was responsible.
Step 3: if not resp, no punish, if responsible, proceed to punishment if necessary

Front 10

internalization of parent's values and morals depends on?

Back 10

1) style of punishment
2) child temperament

Front 11

styles of punishment? (internalization of moral dvp/values)

Back 11

1) power assertion: used of commands, threats, physical force (least advanced level of moral DVP)
2) love withdrawal: use of verbal disapproval, ridicule, withholding of affection from child
3) induction: reasoning w/ child to explain why it is not good to do such things which encourages feeling of guilt (most advanced level of moral reasoning)

Front 12

child temperament? (internalization of moral dvp/values)

Back 12

1) fearfulness =timid, anxious: influences internalization
2) fearless= best way to capitalize on the child's motivation to accept parents values

Front 13

empathy?

Back 13

ability to vicariously experience another's emotional state or condition
5 stages to empathy:
1) precursor of empathy= infant cries when he hears another baby cry
2) dvptal internal = infant feels empathetic distress and will try to soothe himself.
3) infant can distinguish their own and another's distress but has difficulty distinguishing their thoughts/desires and another's thoughts
4) empathy DVP = understand that other ppl have diff inner states, can help and comfort but not always put to its best use
5) mid-school= broader understanding, classify social groups (ex: homeless)

Front 14

sympathy?

Back 14

feeling concern for another in reaction to the other's situation or emotional state

Front 15

conflict resolution?

Back 15

1) negociation
2) disengagement
3) coercion (= one gives in to the demands of other)

Front 16

cogn/affective determinants of prosocial behav?

Back 16

empathy, prosocial behav (prosocial dilemmas), mental state understanding

Front 17

3 characteristics of aggression?

Back 17

1) hormones
2) genes
3) temperament

Front 18

3 contexts in which aggressive behav DVPs?

Back 18

1) family processes (coercive family process)
2) peer relations
3) television and video games violence

Front 19

displaced aggression?

Back 19

retaliatory aggression directed at a person other than the one against who retaliation is desired

Front 20

instrumental aggression?

Back 20

aggressive response to obtain something or as a means of being more effective