Child Development Psyc 4

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Survival of offspring

Back 1

a function of the family; pertains to ensuring the survival of offspring by providing for their needs

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Economic function

Back 2

a function of the family that pertains to providing the means for children to acquire the skills and other resources they need to be economically productive as adults

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Cultural training

Back 3

a function of the family that pertains to teaching children the basic values of their culture

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Family dynamics

Back 4

the way in which the family operates as a whole

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Socialization

Back 5

the process through which children acquire the values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are regarded as appropriate for their present and future role in their particular culture

Front 6

Parenting styles

Back 6

parenting behaviors and attitudes that set the emotional climate in regard to parent - child interactions, such as parental responsiveness and demandingness

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Authoritative parenting

Back 7

a parenting style that is high in demandingness and supportiveness; they set clear standards and limits for their children and are firm about enforcing them but also allow their children autonomy within those limits, are attentive and responsive to their children's concerns and needs, and respect and consider their child's perspective

Front 8

Authoritarian parenting

Back 8

a parenting style that is high in demandingness and low in responsiveness; they are noneresponsive to their children's needs and tend to enforce their demands through the exercise of parental power and the use of threats and punishment; they are oriented toward obedience and authority and expect their children to comply with their demands without question or explanation

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Permissive parenting

Back 9

a parenting style that is high in responsiveness but low in demandingness; are responsive to their children's needs and do not require their children to regulate themselves or act in appropriate or mature ways

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Rejecting-neglecting

Back 10

a parenting style that is low in both responsiveness and demandingness; parents do not set limits for or monitor their children's behavior, are not supportive of them, and sometimes are rejecting or neglectful

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Bidirectionality of parent-child interactions

Back 11

the idea that parents and their children are mutually affected by each other's characteristics and behaviors

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Peers

Back 12

people of approximately the same age and status

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Friendships

Back 13

intimate, reciprocated positive relationships between two people

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Reciprocated best friendship

Back 14

a friendship in which two children view one another as best or close friends

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Cliques

Back 15

friendship groups that children voluntarily form or join themselves

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Crowds

Back 16

groups of adolescents who have similar stereotyped reputations; including the brains, jocks, loners, burnouts, losers, freaks, etc

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Gang

Back 17

a loosely organized group of adolescents or young adults who identify as a group and often engage in illegal activities

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Sociometric status

Back 18

a measurement that reflects the degree to which children are liked or disliked by their peers as a group

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Popular peer status

Back 19

a category of sociometric status that refers to children or adolescents who are viewed positively by many peers and are viewed negatively by few peers

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Relational aggression

Back 20

a kind of aggression that involves exclusion form the social group or attempting to do harm to another's relationships with others; includes spreading rumors, withholding friendship to inflict harm, and ignoring and excluding peers which a child is angry or wants his way

Front 21

Rejected peer status

Back 21

a category of sociometric status that refers to children or adolescents who are liked by few peers and disliked by many peers

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Aggressive-rejected children

Back 22

a category of sociometric status that refers to children who are especially prone to physical aggression, disruptive behavior, delinquency, and negative behavior such as hostility and threatening others

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Withdrawn-rejected children

Back 23

a category of sociometric status that refers to rejected children who are socially withdrawn, wary, and often timid

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Neglected peer status

Back 24

a category of sociometric status that refers to children or adolescents who are infrequently mentioned as liked or disliked; they simply are not noticed much by peers

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Controversial peer status

Back 25

a category of sociometric status that refers to children or adolescents who are liked by quiet a few peers and are disliked by quite a few others

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Social skills training

Back 26

training programs designed to help rejected children gain their peer acceptance; they are based on the assumption that rejected children lack important knowledge and kills that promote positive interaction with peers

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Victimized peer status

Back 27

with respect to peer relations, this term refers to children who are targets of their peers' aggression and demeaning behavior

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Prosocial behavior

Back 28

voluntary behavior intended to benefit another, such as helping, sharing, and comforting of others

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Moral judgments

Back 29

decisions that pertain to issues of right and wrong, fairness, and justice

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Social conventional judgments

Back 30

decisions that pertain to customs or regulations intended to secure social coordination and social organization

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Personal judgments

Back 31

decisions that refer to actions in which individual preferences are the main consideration

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Conscience

Back 32

an internal regulatory mechanism that increases the individual's ability to conform to standards of conduct accepted in his or her culture

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Altruistic motives

Back 33

helping others for reasons that initially include empathy or sympathy for others and, at later ages, the desire to act in ways consistent with one's own conscience and moral principles

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Empathy

Back 34

an emotional reaction to another's emotional state or condition that is similar to that other person's state or condition

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Sympathy

Back 35

the feeling of concern for another person in reaction to that other person's emotional state or condition; often an outcome of empathizing with another's negative emotion or situation

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Aggression

Back 36

behavior aimed at harming or injuring others

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What is Adjustment disorder?

Back 37

anxiety, depression causing impairment following and identifiable stressor (divorce or illness for example). lasts < 6months

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Oppositional defiant disorder

Back 38

a disorder characterized by age-appropriate and persistent displays of angry, defiant, and irritable behaviors

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Conduct disorder

Back 39

a disorder that involved severe antisocial and aggression behaviors that inflict pain on others or involve destruction of property or denial of the rights of others

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Reactive aggression

Back 40

emotionally driven, antagonistic aggression sparked by one's perception that other people's motives are hostile

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Proactive aggression

Back 41

unemotional aggression aimed at fulfilling a need or desire