Child Dev Chapter 10 & 11

Front 1

In erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of early childhood, which is resolved positively through play experiences that a foster a healthy sense of initiative and through the development of a superego, or conscience, that is not overly strict and/or guilt-ridden.

Back 1

iniative versus guilt

Front 2

the self as knower and actor, which is separate from the surrounfing world remains the same person over time, has a private inner life not accessible to others, and can control its own thoughts and actions.

Back 2

i-self

Front 3

the self as an object of knowledge and evaluation,consisting of all physical, phycological, and social characteristics that make self unique

Back 3

me-self

Front 4

the set if attributes, abilities,attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who or she is

Back 4

self-concept

Front 5

the judgements individuals make about their own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments

Back 5

self-esteem

Front 6

actions that benefit another person withouth any expected reward for the self

Back 6

prosocial, or altruistic behavior

Front 7

feelings of concern or sorrow for another's plight

Back 7

sympathy

Front 8

unoccuppied, onlooker behavior and solitary play

Back 8

nonsocial activity

Front 9

a limited form of social participation in chich a childs plaus near other children with similar materials but does not try to influence their behavior

Back 9

parallel play

Front 10

a form of true social interaction, in which children engage in serparate activities but interact by exchanging toys and commenting on one another's behavior

Back 10

associative play

Front 11

a type of social interaction in which children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a mae-believe theme or working on a project together

Back 11

cooperative play

Front 12

generating and applying strategies that prevent or resolve disagreements, leading to outcomes that are both acceptable to others and beneficial to the self

Back 12

social problem solving

Front 13

a type of discipline in which an adult helps make the child aware of feelings by pointing out the effects of the child's misbehavior on others

Back 13

induction

Front 14

standards that protect people's rights and welfare

Back 14

moral imperatives

Front 15

customs such as table manners that are determined by consensus within a society

Back 15

social conventions

Front 16

agression aimed at obtaining an object, privilege, or space with no deliberate intent to harm another person

Back 16

intrumental aggression

Front 17

aggression intented to harm another person

Back 17

hostile agression

Front 18

a form of hostile aggression that damages another's peer relationships throgh social exclusion, gossip, or friendship manipulation.

Back 18

relational aggression

Front 19

any association of objects, activites, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes

Back 19

gender typing

Front 20

an image of oneself as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics

Back 20

gender identity

Front 21

the gender identity held by individuals who score high on both traditionally masculine and feminine personality charcterisitcs

Back 21

androgyny

Front 22

the understanding that sex is biologically based, remaining the same over time even if clothing, hairstyle and play activies change

Back 22

gender constancy

Front 23

an information-processing approach to gender typing that explains how enviromental pressures and children's cognitions work together to shape gender-role development

Back 23

gender schema theory

Front 24

combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child rearing climate

Back 24

child-rearing styles

Front 25

a child-rearing style that is high in acceptance and involvement, emphasizes firm control with explanations, and includes gradual, appropriate autonomy granting

Back 25

authoritative child-rearing

Front 26

child-rearing style that is low in acceptance and involvement, is high in coercive control, and restricts rather than grants autonomy

Back 26

authoritarian child-rearing

Front 27

parental behaviors that intude on and manipulate children's verbal expression, individuality, and attatchements to parents

Back 27

psychological control

Front 28

a child-rearing style that is high in acceptance but either overindulging or inattentive, low in control, or inappropriately lenient in autonomy grating

Back 28

permissive child-rearing

Front 29

a child-rearing style that ombines low acceptance and involvment with little control and indifference to autonomy granting

Back 29

uninvolved child-rearing

Front 30

changes in body size from one generation to the next

Back 30

secular trends in pyschical growth

Front 31

a condition in which the upper and lower teeth do no meet properly

Back 31

malocclusion

Front 32

nearsightedness; cant see distant objects clearly

Back 32

myopia