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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does darwinism entail? |
-survival of the fittest |
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What is the Jukes study |
-Sociological research |
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What is Mendlian genetics? |
-Gregor Mendel's research - "feeblemindedness" |
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What is psychometry about? |
IQ |
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In history, how was the treatment of intellectually disabled? |
-working prisions, colony systems, parents able to give kids something to do |
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What was the Rehbilitation act of 1973? |
-civil rights for people w disabilities |
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What was EHA passed in 1975? |
-Education for all handicapped children act |
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What changed in 1997? |
Individuals w/ disabilities education act; least restrictive environment |
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What is the individuals w/ disabilities improvement act passed in 2004? |
-zero-reject rule-everyone gets education |
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When and where was the first documentation of mental illness? |
-1500BC Eygpt |
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What are the three components of intelligence? |
1. problem-solving ability 2. verbal ability 3. social competence |
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What is the definition of intelligence? |
-The capacity to understand the world, think rationally and use resources effectively whtn faced w/ challenges |
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What was the Binet's test (1905)? What did it measure and show? What is the equation for IQ? |
-observed school-age children -children either "bright" or "dull" -he used trial & error approach -IQ test - links intelligence test score w/ a mental age - chronological vs. mental age -averge IQ - 100 -IQ = Mental age/chronoligical age x100 |
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What is the definition of IQ? |
Intelligence quotient; a score that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age. |
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What are deviation IQ scores? |
-more math sophisticated system; tests set at 100 -has to do w/ nature - environment & nurture - parents genes |
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What is the Standford-Binet Intelligence test; 5th edition? |
-revision of Binet's original test -oral test -progressively more difficult problems until unable to answer |
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Who was Dr. Samuel Howe? |
-made first residential institution; schools for idiotic children &youth |
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What is the Wechsler Intelligence scale for children 4th edition? |
-provides separate measure of verbal &performance (or nonverbal) skills - |
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What is the Kaufman assessment battery for children, 2nd edition? |
-children tested on thier ability to integrate differents kinds of stimuli; step-by-step thinking used |
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What is Woodcock-Johnson's cogntive subtest? |
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What is reliability? |
-test consistenly measures what i is trying to measure -IQ - in short term - reliable |
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What is validity? |
-The outcome actually measures what it is supposed to measure -IQ test - should measure an individual's underlying intelligence correctly and unambiguously |
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What is the Raven Progressive Matrices Test? |
-examinees shown abstract figure w/ missing piece -they must chooose which piece completes the figure -supposed to be free of cultural bias |
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What is the definion of learning disabilities? |
Difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speakin, reading, writing, reasoning, or math abilities. |
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What is the meaning of IQ scores? |
-Predictors of shcool performance |
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What is the factor that IQ tests measure? |
-the "g" factor plus crystalized and fluid intelligence |
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What is fluid intelligence? When does it level off? |
-reflects info-processing capabilities, reasoning and memory -students - group letters or remember them -levels off in adulthood, the decreases |
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What is crystallized intelligence? When does it level off? |
-accumulation of info, skills, and strategies that people learn through experience and they can apply in problem-solving situations -solving a puzzle -influenced by environment; hardworking person |
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What type of people can't make a full-scale IQ? |
-people with autism |
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What is Catell Horne's theory? |
-fuild intelligence & crystallized intelligence |
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Who is Howard Gardner? |
-8 distinct intelligences, each independent -musical, body, people, word, logic, nature, self, picture smart |
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Who was Lev Vygotsky? |
-Russian psy. -cognitive processes and processes currently being developed -dynamic assessment |
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What are the three parts of Strnbergs Triarchic Theory of Intelligence? |
1. Analytical 2. creative 3. practical |
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Who is Robert Sternberg? |
-Info processing |
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What is the tiarchic theory of intelligence? |
A belief that intelligence consists of three aspects of info processing: the componential element, the experimental element, and the contexual element |
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What are the 3 aspects of the tiarchic theory of intelligence? |
1. componential aspect - how well people process & analyze info. 2. experiential element - insightful component of intelligence 3. contextual - practical intelligence, or ways of dealing w/ the demands of everyday environment |
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What is emotional intelligence? |
-accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions |
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Who is Daniel Goleman? |
-aruges that emotional literacy should be a standard part of the school curriculum. |
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What is Developmental quotient or DQ? What does it distinguish? And who created it? |
-Arnold Gesell -a score that relates to performance in four domains: motor skills, language, adaptive behavior and personal-social behavior -distinguish b/t normal & atypical babies |
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What are the Baley Scales of Infant Devlopment? Who created it? |
-Created by Nancy Bayley -evaluates an infant's devlopment from 2-42 months -yeilds DQ - a child who scores an average level recieves 100. |
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What are the 2 areas of the Baley Scales of Infant Devlopment? |
-1. mental 2. motor |
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What is visual-recognition memory measurement? |
-faster an infant can retrieve the idea of a stimulus from memory = infant info. processing |
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What is a contemporary approach to infant intelligence of info-processing? |
-speed w/ it may correlate w/ later intelligence; measured by IQ tests |
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What is a habiuation test? |
-tells whether processing or not |
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What are the 3 points for the relationship b/t info-processing & cognitive abilities? |
1. how quickly they lose interest & cognitive abilities 2. their resonsiveness 3. later measures of intelligence |
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What is the multimodal approach to perception? |
- |
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What is an example cross-modal transference? |
-baby is about to recognize by site something they have touched previously -includes abract thinking |
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What age does multimodal transference occur? |
-age 1 |
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2 qualifications of info-processing approaches to infant intelligence |
1. correlation is only moderate in strength 2. IQ tests do not show artistic or professional success. |
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What are the IQ-racial differences? |
-highly controversial -genetic & environmental determinants of intelligence |
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How many points lower is the mean score of Blacks IQ than Whites? And why? |
-15 points; could be a language issues; whites more familiar w/ English |
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What is performanceon IQ tests dependent on? (2 things) |
-test-takers prior experiences and cultural backgrounds |
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Who wrote the Bell Curve? What is the Bell Curve Controversy? |
-by Richard J Herrnstein and Charles Murray -argues the 15 point difference, white/blacks, due to heredity, NOT environment -IQ diff = poverty, lower employment |
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What movement used IQ to determine if a personal was "fit" to reproduce"? |
Eugenics movement |
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Name 6 ways that IQ tests are biased. |
1. test writers 2. Norms 3. cultural fair/free 4. race/gender/socioeconomic status 5. other special populations 6. Flynn Effect - children keep getting smarter |
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What is the definition of the least restrictive environment? |
-setting most simliar to that of children w/o special needs |
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What is public Law 94-142? |
-The education for All Handicapped children act |
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What is mainstreaming? |
-minimizing the segregation of exceptional students -special children integrated into regular edu. |
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What is full inclusion? |
-the integration of all students, severly disabled, into classes, eliminating separate special edu. programs |
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What are the 3 types of environments for children with special needs? |
1. least restrictive envronment 2. mainstreaming 3. full inclusion |
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What is the percentage of below the norm intellectual level in US? |
1-3% |
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What is the definition of an intellectual disability? |
-significant limits in intellectual funcioning and an adaptive behavior involving conceptual, social, and practical skills |
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What are the 3 main types of intellectual disabilities? |
1. familial intellectual deficit -most cases; no apparent cause, but family history 2. fetal alcohol syndrome 3. Down syndrome - extra chromosome |
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What are the characteristics of a mild intellectual disability? |
-IQ = 50 or 55-70 -90% of IDs -slow development -able to have jobs w/ appropriate training -formerly mental retaration |
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What are the characterisitcs of a moderate intellectual disability? IQ? |
-IQ = 35-40 or 50-55 -5-10% of IDs -slow to develop language and motor -regular schooling won't work -normally - can't process past 2nd grade |
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What are the characterisitics of a severe intellectual disability? |
-IQ 20-25 or 35-40 |
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What are the characterisitcs of a profound intellectual disability? |
-IQ = 20-25 -ability to function - limited -little - no speech, poor motor, 24-hour nursing care -some learn - dressing, eating |
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What percentage of children in US are gifted and talented |
-3-5% |
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What is the definition of gifted children? |
-"children who give evidence of high-performance capability..." (sec. 582. P.L. 97-35) |
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What special concerns do gifted and talented children have? |
-they struggle with school -teachers can misunderstand their humor, novelty, creativity -peers are not always nice -verbal ability -feeling, eloquent expression of ideas |
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What does acceleration help the gifted children do? |
-allow gifted students to move ahead at their own pace. - skip a grade |
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What is the definition of enrichment? |
-Students kept at grade level, but enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study on a given topic |
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Where is the "study of mathematically precocious youth? |
Vanderbilt University |
