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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name at least four methods for achieving phenolic extraction.
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Cold Soaking
Pigeage Remontage Delestage (rack and return) Foot-treading Carbonic Maceration Using a Vino-Matic |
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Where is Transcaucasia?
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Modern day Georgia and Armenia
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What are Kweri?
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Clay fermentation jars buried in the ground
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What modern day Italian wine-maker uses Kweri?
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Mr. Jasko Gravner
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What time period did the Sumarians occupy?
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4000-3000 BC
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What is Siduri?
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The Sumarian god of fermentation
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When did the Egyptians come into play?
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3000 BC
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What were some details of Egyptian wine-making?
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Advanced wine-making technology
Advanced wine tasting |
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When did the Greeks come onto the wine scene?
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2000 BC
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What was a unique aspect of Greek wine-making that the Romans also used, and the Greeks still use today?
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Herbal and other additives
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What are Amphorae?
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In Greek wine-making, Amphorae are clay jugs of 30-40 liters
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Who was Dionysus?
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The Greek god of wine
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Approximately when was the Roman empire?
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1-500 AD
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The Romans brought vines throughout Europe, but planted them on hillsides more often than not. Why?
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Valley floors were reserved for food-stuff farming
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Who was Bacchus?
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The Roman god of wine
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Which of the following applies to the Romans, and which to the Greeks?
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Dionysus
Bacchus |
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In early and some modern Christianity, wine is a metaphor for what?
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Blood
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In Islamic hostory, when was alcohol banned?
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10 years after Mohammed's death
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Who was Clovis?
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In France, the leader of the Gaul's
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Approximately when did monasteries come on scene in Europe?
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6th century
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What did the Benedictines and Cistercians contribute most to the wine world?
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Detailed studies and records
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When was the first vineyard planted in South Africa, and by whom?
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1665
Dutch |
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What are the six factors that affect the style and quality of wine?
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Climate
Soil Viti Vini Variety Vintage |
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What is a macroclimate?
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The prevailing climate of a region
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What is a mesoclimate?
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The climate of the vineyard itself
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What is a microclimate?
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The climate in regard to individual vines
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What some details of Continental climate?
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Extreme seasonal variation
Hot summers, cold winters frost and hail Winter freeze |
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What are some places with continental climate?
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Burgundy
Piedmont Columbia Valley |
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What are some details of maritime climate?
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A large body of water acts as a thermal regulator
High rainfall Rain falls throughout the year Humidity Rain at harvest |
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What are some places with maritime climate?
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Bordeaux
Marlborough Willamette Valley |
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What are some details of Mediterranean climate?
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Temperate
Rain falls in the winter time Less temperature variation between seasons May be influenced by water Heat Drought during growing season |
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What are some places with Mediterranean climate?
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Rhone Valley
Southern Italy Napa Valley |
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What are some other factors that affect climate?
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Degree of slope
Aspect Trees and forests Hills Small bodies of water |
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In regard to Climate Degree Days, what are some Region 1 examples?
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Germany, Burgundy, Champagne, Bordeaux, Willamette Valley, Carneros
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In regard to Climate Degree Days, what are some Region 2 examples?
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Asti, New Zealand, Yakima, Napa, Sonoma, Santa Barbara
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In regard to Climate Degree Days, what are some Region 3 examples?
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Oakville, Sierra Foothills
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In regard to Climate Degree Days, what are some Region 4 examples?
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Argentina, Tuscany, South Africa, Australia
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In regard to Climate Degree Days, what are some Region 5 examples?
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Southern Italy, Modesto
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How does California Heat Summation oir Degree Days work?
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Subtract 50 degrees from the average daily temperatures for each day between April 1st and October 31st, then add the remaining temps together.
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Why is rain at flowering bad?
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It washes away pollen
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What are some climatic hazards in the vineyard?
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Frost, spring and fall
Winter freeze Rain at flowering Drought Extreme wind Rain at harvest Hail |
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Are alkaline soils high or low in Ph?
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High
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Is low Ph high or low acidity?
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High acidity
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Classic wine regions have what soil factors in common, generally?
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Well-drained
Mineral rich Organically poor Alkaline |
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What is the Family name of grape vines?
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Ampelidaceae
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What is the Genus of grape vines?
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Vitis
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What are some grape vine species names?
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Vitis Labrusca
Vitis Riparia Vitis Rupestris Vitis Amurensis |
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What is a hybrid?
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Different species crossed together
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What is a cross?
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Same species crossed together
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What is VSP?
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Verticle shoot pruning
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What kind of pruning is high cordon?
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Spur
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High Cordon is better for hand-harvesting or machine-harvesting?
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Machine
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Gobelet is spur or cane pruned?
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Spur
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Guyot is cane or spur pruned?
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Cane
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What are some factors that affect yields?
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Yield laws
Vine variety and rootstock Pruning and training systems Number of bunches Size of berries Health of vine Age of vine Post harvest selection and pressing Pests and disease |
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What does Vastatrix mean to you?
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Phylloxera Vastatrix
Aphid-like creature Lives in the soil Attacks the roots Feeds on the sap Weakens the vine Kills the vine in a few years Transported on roots and machinery |
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Nematodes prefer what type of soil?
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Sandy
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What are some vine pests?
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Phylloxer
Nematodes Glassy-winged Sharp-shooter Grape moths Spider mites Vine mealy bug |
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What is MOG
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Matter other than grapes
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What is IPM
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Integrated pest management
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What is peronospera?
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Downy mildew
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What is Oidium?
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Powdery mildew
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What is Eutypiose
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vine dead arm
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Talk about Shatter.
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Bad weather at flowering
Fruit does not set properly Two forms: Coulure, where the berries fall off & Millerandage, where the berries ripen unevenly on the same bunch |
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When a vine is unable to take up enough iron, the leaves turn yellow and photosynthesis is reduced. What is this called?
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Chlorosis
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What is terroir?
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All natural elements that go into making a wine grape
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What are the componants of grape must?
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Water
Sugar: Glucose & Fructose Acid: Tartaric & Malic |
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What is the average Ph of grape must?
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Between 3 and 4
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What are phenolics?
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Tannin
Anthocyanins |
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What are Anthocyanins?
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Color pigments
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What is Ph?
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The strength of acidity. The lower the PH, the stronger the acid
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17 grams per liter of sugar is equal to how much alcohol?
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1%
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What temperatures ranges are red and white wines fermented at?
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Whites: 58-70F
Reds: 77-95F |
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What is YAN?
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Yeast additive nutrients
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What is RCGM?
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Rectified concentrated grape must
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What are a couple factors that encourage MLF?
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Low SO2
High Ph |
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What is blue-fining?
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Copper filtration
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What is the opposite of oxidation?
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Reduction
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What is delestage?
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Rack and return
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What is capfall?
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Flowering
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