Chest And Lungs 2

Front 1

The trachea divides into:

Back 1

right and left main bronchi

Front 2

How many branches do the right and left bronchi divide into?

Back 2

Right bronchus divides into 3 branches. Left bronchus divides into 2 branches.

Front 3

Ea. branch of the tracheobronchial tree divides into:

Back 3

bronchioles, and ultimately into respiratory bronchioles

Front 4

What are the terminal respiratory units?

Back 4

Acini

Front 5

What are the functions of the Bronchial

Back 5

1. air transport 2. Trap and dispose foreign particles 3. supply blood to lung parenchyma and stroma

Front 6

What is the main purpose of respiration?

Back 6

To keep the body supplied with oxygen and protected from excess accumulation of carbon dioxide.

Front 7

the manubriosternal junction is also known as:

Back 7

the angle of louis

Front 8

On inspection of the chest, what should you notice about the transverse and the AP diamter?

Back 8

the AP diamter of the chest is ordinarily less than the transverse diameter, at times as much as by half.

Front 9

exaggeration of normal spine convexity

Back 9

kyphosis

Front 10

a variation of kyphosis, lower humpback

Back 10

gibbus

Front 11

kyphosis and scoliosis

Back 11

kyphoscoliosis

Front 12

abnormal deviation in a lteral direction

Back 12

scoliosis

Front 13

AP diamter as well as the transverse diamter increases, appears circular

Back 13

barrel chest

Front 14

abnormal protuberance of the sternum (pectus carinatum)

Back 14

pigeon breast

Front 15

sternum is depressed (pectus excavatum)

Back 15

funnel chest

Front 16

What other things should you be inspecting as you inspect the chest? for ex: the odor of the breath...

Back 16

clubbing of the fingers, skin nail and lip color (cyanosis or pallor) pursing of the lips, flaring of the nares, stridor, cough, chest retraction

Front 17

Normal rate of respirations

Back 17

12-20

Front 18

Count respirations after taking the pulse. What should the ration be?

Back 18

1:4 for example, 15 respirations and pulse of 60

Front 19

True or false: the expansion of the chest should be symmetric.

Back 19

True, it should expand bilaterlly symmetric.

Front 20

How are your hands placed during thoracic expansion?

Back 20

Hand over posterior thorax, then do it a 2nd time over anterior thorax. Open hand is placed palm down with the fingers separated and thumbs equidistant apart from midline.

Front 21

What are you looking for when doing thoracic expansion?

Back 21

any assymetry. If one hand is displaced further from the midline than the other hand on respirations.

Front 22

A regular pattern of breathing, w/ intervals of apnea followed by a crescendo/decrescendo sequence of respiration, also called periodic breathing

Back 22

Chyne-Stokes respiration (could be pathologic)

Front 23

prolonged but inefficient expiratory effort. If you push down of the lungs it sounds like rice crispies

Back 23

air trapping

Front 24

irregular respirations varying by depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea, but does not have a repetetive pattern of periodic breathing.

Back 24

Biot

Front 25

worsening biots, significant disorganization with irregular and varying depths of respirations

Back 25

ataxic

Front 26

no breath

Back 26

apnea

Front 27

difficulty breathing

Back 27

dyspnea

Front 28

respiration rate greater than 20

Back 28

tachypnea

Front 29

respiration rate less than 12

Back 29

bradypnea

Front 30

forced breathing, could result in hyperventilation

Back 30

hyperpnea

Front 31

abnormally shallow respirations

Back 31

hypopnea

Front 32

deep and rapid breathing

Back 32

Kussmaul. (r/t metabolic acidosis)

Front 33

SOB begins when person lies down

Back 33

orthopnea

Front 34

a sudden onset of SOB after a period of sleep, sitting upright helps

Back 34

Paraoxysmal nocturnal dyspena

Front 35

Dyspnea when sitting

Back 35

platypnea

Front 36

a crackling or crinkly sensation, indicates air in the subcutaneous tissue from a rupture somewhere in the resp. system or by an infection with a gas producing organism

Back 36

crepitus

Front 37

a palpable, coarse, grating vibration usually on inspiration caused by inflammation of pleural surfaces

Back 37

pleural friction rub

Front 38

How do you note tactile fremitus? (the palpable vibrations of the chest wall that results from speech)

Back 38

Ask the pt to recite "99" as you palpate the chest with the palmar sufaces of your hand or ulnar sides of fists. Move over ea. area of the lungs (front and back) with hands simultaneous and symmetric

Front 39

a grating sensation felt of the chest wall due to roughened pleural surfaces rubbing together

Back 39

pleural rub fremitus

Front 40

vibrations felt on the chest wall, produced by air passing thru or past liquid or solid substances in a bronchus

Back 40

rhonical fremitus

Front 41

What causes decreased tactile fremitus?

Back 41

when there is something interfering with the transmission such as excess air in the lungs, plueral effusions and thickening

Front 42

what causes increased tactile fremitus?

Back 42

conditions like when the air in the alveoli is replaced with fluid, compression of lung tissue, or in a pregnant women there may be pressure of the lung tissue

Front 43

What technique should you use to assess the trachea?

Back 43

use both thumbs simultaneously to measure

Front 44

What are you assessing for when palpating the trachea?

Back 44

Trachea should be midline. make sure there are equal spaces and no deviation. diseases pull trachea to abnormal side, other diseases may push the trachea to the normal side

Front 45

How should the pt be positioned during percussion?

Back 45

have the pt sitting with head bent forward and arms folded to percuss posterior, then ask the pt to raise arms while you percuss lateral and anterior chest.

Front 46

How do you measure diaphragmatic excursion?

Back 46

1. Ask pt to take deep breath and hold 2. percuss along scapular line until you locate lower border, marked by change in tone from resonance to dull, mark the pt 3. ask pt to take several breaths and the hold 4. percuss up from the marked pt and mart at the change from dullness to resonance. 5. repeat on other side 6. measure and record distance

Front 47

During percussion where is it most intense?

Back 47

in 2nd ICS at sternal border nerar bifurcation

Front 48

What is the normal tone from percussion?

Back 48

Resonance

Front 49

What tone indicates hyperinflation?

Back 49

hyperresonance

Front 50

what tone indicates diminished air exchange?

Back 50

dullness

Front 51

the vibration frequency of a sound wave

Back 51

pitch

Front 52

the measure of loudness or intensity of a sound wave

Back 52

amplitude

Front 53

the distinctive characterisitic of a sounds given to it by its overtones

Back 53

quality

Front 54

the length of time a sound is heard

Back 54

duration

Front 55

Why do you perfrom diaphragmatic excursion?

Back 55

for painful or shallow respirations

Front 56

True or False. When ausculating instruct patient to breath thru their nose.

Back 56

False. Instruct client to take deep, slow breaths thru their mouth

Front 57

How should the client be positioned during ausculatation?

Back 57

leaned forward, arms crossed

Front 58

sounds heard in upper portion of the body of the sternum, on either side of sternum and btwn scapula. thought to originate from the glottis hiss

Back 58

bronchiovesicular breath sounds

Front 59

sounds heard over trachea

Back 59

tracheal/bronchial breath sounds

Front 60

abnormal breath sound, heard over lung cavities, high pitched, metallic quality, occurs of stiff walled, tense pulmonary cavities

Back 60

amphoteric breath sounds

Front 61

abnormal breath sound, heard over lungs, low pitched, hollow quality, occurs over relaxed, open pneumothorax

Back 61

cavernous breath sounds

Front 62

sound due to fine, medium, or coarse air pssing through sm air passages in alveoli

Back 62

crackles

Front 63

a variation of a crackle, deeper, more rumbling, more pronounced

Back 63

rhonci

Front 64

air passing thru lg airways-loud, low pitched, sounds like snoring during inspiration or expiration

Back 64

Senoris Wheezing

Front 65

air passing thru sm air passages, usually on expiration, not as loud

Back 65

Sibulent Wheezing

Front 66

rubbing noise like leather grating

Back 66

friction rub

Front 67

roll person on left side and you hear friction rub even greater-this is:

Back 67

mediastinal crunch

Front 68

During the vocal resonance test you ask the pt to recite numbers, letters or words, the sounds should be:

Back 68

muffled and indistinct

Front 69

greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken words is referred to as:

Back 69

bronchophony

Front 70

when a whisper can be heard clearly throught the stethoscope this is called:

Back 70

pectoriloquy

Front 71

when intensity of voice is increased and sounds nasally this is called:

Back 71

egophony