Chest And Lung Exam Questions

Front 1

Inspection, percussion, ausculation,and sputum production evaluation

Back 1

Physical Examination for the chest and lungs consists of:

Front 2

Barrel chest

Back 2

The ribs are more horizontal, the spine is somewhat kyphotic and the sternal angel is more prominent

Front 3

2:1 ratio

Back 3

Lateral to AP diameter- what is the normal ratio?

Front 4

Pectus carinatum

Back 4

Pigeon chest

Front 5

Pecuts excavatum

Back 5

Funnel chest (sunk in)

Front 6

12-20 respirations/minute

Back 6

Normal respirations in a healthy adult

Front 7

Cheyne-stokes respiration

Back 7

Varying periods of increasing depth interspersed with apnea

Front 8

Tachypnea

Back 8

> 20 respirations/min

Front 9

Kussmaul

Back 9

Rapid, deep, labored breathing

Front 10

Bradypnea

Back 10

Slower than 12 breaths per minute

Front 11

Air trapping

Back 11

increasing difficulty in getting air out

Front 12

Biot breathing

Back 12

Irregularly interspesed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths

Front 13

Hypopnea

Back 13

Shallow repirations (pleuritic pain limits excusion)

Front 14

Retractions

Back 14

When the chest wall seems to cave in at the sternum, between the ribs, at the suprasternal notch, above the clavicles and at the lowest costal margines

Front 15

Foreign body in the bronchus

Back 15

What typically causes unilateral retractions?

Front 16

Crepitus

Back 16

crackly or crinkly sensation- can be both palpated and heard

Front 17

Pleural friction rub

Back 17

A palpable, coarse, grating vibration, usually on inspiration, suggests what?

Front 18

Tactile fremitus

Back 18

The palpable vibration of the chest wall that results from speech or other verbalizations

Front 19

Excess air in the lungs (emphysema, pleural thickening or effusion, massive pulmonary edeam or bronchial obstruction)

Back 19

What causes decreased or absent fremitus?

Front 20

Presence of fluidsor a solid mass within the lungs and may be caused by lung consolidation

Back 20

What causes increased tactile fremitus?

Front 21

Simple collapsed lung (not tension), volume loss (fibrosis or atelectasis)

Back 21

What disorders will cause the trachea to shift toward the affected side?

Front 22

Tension pneumothorax, thyroid enlargement or pleural effusion

Back 22

What disorders will cause the trachea to shift away from the affected side?

Front 23

Hyperinflation - may indicate emphysema, pneumothorax or asthma

Back 23

What is hyperresonance associated with?

Front 24

Pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion or asthma

Back 24

What is dullness or flatness suggest?

Front 25

Diaphragmatic excursion

Back 25

What is the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing called?

Front 26

3 to 5-6 cm

Back 26

What is normal distance in centimeters for diaphragmatic excursion?

Front 27

Decreased- often see <3-4 cm in patients with pneumonia or a pneumothorax

Back 27

Would you expect to see increased or decreased diaphragmatic excursion with pneumonia or a pneumothorax?

Front 28

Bases, patient's tire easily and most pulmonary pathologic conditions occur at the lung bases

Back 28

Best to examine the lungs at the bases or apices first?

Front 29

Diaphragm, better at transmitting ordinarily high-pitched sounds

Back 29

Better to use the diaphragm or bell for listening to the lungs?

Front 30

Vesicular breath sounds

Back 30

Low-pitched, low-intensity sounds heard over heatlhy lung tissue

Front 31

Bronchovesicular breath sounds

Back 31

Sounds heard over the major bronchi and are typically moderate in pitch and intensity

Front 32

Bronchial breath sounds

Back 32

The sounds highest in pitch and intensity - ordinarily heard only over the trachea

Front 33

Crackles

Back 33

Discontinueous -formerly called rales

Front 34

Wheezes and rhonchi

Back 34

Which abnormal breath sounds are continuous?

Front 35

Crackles

Back 35

Which breath sounds of abnormal respiration are heard more often during inspiration and characterized by discrete discontinuous sounds- each lasting just a few milliseconds

Front 36

Rhonchi (sonorous wheezes)

Back 36

Deeper, more rumbling, more pronounced during expiration, more likely to be prolonged and continuous

Front 37

Wheeze

Back 37

Continuous, high-pitched, musical sound heard during inspiration or expiration

Front 38

Friction rub

Back 38

Dry, crackly and grating, low-pitched sound heard both expiration and inspiration

Front 39

Bronchophony

Back 39

Greater clarity and increased loundess of spoken sounds

Front 40

Increased- a whipser can be heard clearly and intelligibly through the stethoscope

Back 40

Is bronchophony increased or decreased with a consolidation?

Front 41

Egophony

Back 41

When intensity of the spken voice is increased and there is a nasal quality (e's sound like a's)

Front 42

Bacterial infection

Back 42

Sputum characteristics: yellow, green, rust, purulent, blood streaked

Front 43

Viral infection

Back 43

Sputum characteristics: mucoid, viscid, not often blood streaked

Front 44

Infarction

Back 44

Sputum characteristics: Blood clotted; large amounts of blood

Front 45

40-60 respirations/minute - 80 is not uncommon

Back 45

Normal respiration for an infant per minute

Front 46

TRUE

Back 46

Babies are obligate nose breathers; True or False

Front 47

FALSE- coughing is rare in a newborn- indiactes a problem

Back 47

Coughing is common in a new born; True or False

Front 48

Stridor

Back 48

High-pitched, piercing sound most often heard during inspiration- result of an obstruction high in the respiratory tree

Front 49

6-7 years

Back 49

At what age do children use the intercostal musculature for respiration?

Front 50

Tactile fremitus

Back 50

Pathologically increased over areas of consolidation and decreased or absent over areas of pleural effusion or pneumothorax