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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 disease related symptoms?
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hypercalcemia
pleural effusions superior vena cava syndrome spinal cord compression syndrome VTE |
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What ligand prevents the process of cell malignancies becoming bone metastasis?
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RANK ligand
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What are the chemical mediators of increased bone resorption?
(give 4 of 6) |
cytokines
PTHrp RANKL IL2 TGFalpha TNFalpha |
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What are the 3 hormones involved in bone resorption?
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PTH
calcitriol calcitonin |
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What two tumor types have the highest incidence of hypercalcemia?
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lung (35%)
breast (25%) |
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What are the 2 equations for corrected calcium?
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corrected calcium = measured calcium + 0.8(4-albumin)
corrected calcium = measured calcium - (albumin+4) |
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What are normal calcium levels (mg/dL)?
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8.5-10.5
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In patients with mild hypercalcemia (corrected calcium < 12), what are 3 treatments for symptomatic patients?
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hydration (NS 200-400 mL/hr)
furosemide +/- zoledronic acid 4mg IV or pamidronite 30mg IV |
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In patients with life-threatening hypercalcemia (corrected calcium > 14), what are 3 treatments?
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hydration
ZA 4mg IV or pamidronate 90mg +/- calcitonin 4 IU/kg SQ 2-4 days |
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What tumor types have the highest incidence of malignant (pleural) effusions?
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lung cancer (35%)
breast cancer (20%) |
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Exudative pleural effusions have _____ protein
(high/low) |
high > 3 g/dL
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Transudative pleural effusions have _____ protein
(high/low) |
low < 3 g/dL
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Which type of pleural effusion has LDH in pleural fluid of > 2.3?
(exudative or transudative) |
exudative
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Which type of pleural effusion has a differential diagnosis or malignancy, pneumonia, or PE?
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exudative
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Which type of pleural effusion has a differential diagnosis of CHF, cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome?
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transudative
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What are the 2 treatments for pleural effusions?
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thoracentesis
pleurodesis |
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What 3 drugs are used for pleurodesis of pleural effusions?
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talc
bleomycin doxycycline |
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What is the most common treatment for superior vena cava syndrome?
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radiation
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The majority of compression in the spinal cord from cancer occurs at what level?
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thoracic
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What steroid can be used for spinal cord compression syndrome?
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dexamethasone 16 mg/day
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What is the strength and duration of radiation therapy for tumors in spinal cord compression syndrome?
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30 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks
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What are the 3 VTE-associated pharmacologic agent classes?
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ESAs (epoietin alfa to increase hemoglobin)
hormonal agents (estrogen, tamoxifen, megestrol) chemotherapy (estramustine, bevacizumab) |
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Warfarin has a BB warning for use in with what chemotherapeutic agent?
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capecitabine (5FU)
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What is the duration of anticoagulant therapy for DVT from cancers?
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3-6 months
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What is the duration of anticoagulant therapy for PE from cancers?
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6-12 months
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What are the 5 prophylactic anticoagulants for VTE from cancers?
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LMWH (enoxaparin, dalteparin)
fondaparinux heparin aspirin warfarin |
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What are the 3 acute treatments for VTE from cancers?
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LMWH (enoxaparin, dalteparin)
fondaparinux heparin |
