Chemo Drugs

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Monofunctional Alkylating Agents

Back 1

Attach Alkyl Group to DNA base in 1 place

Cycle Non-specific

Cause Miscoding in DNA replication

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Difunctional Alkylating Agents

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Bind to DNA in 2 places causing Cross links

Cycle non-specific

Cause inhibition of DNA replications

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Platinum Compounds

Back 3

Similar to bifunctional alkylating agents (cross links)

Highly ematogenic!

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Antimetabolites

Back 4

Structurally similar to normal metabolites required for cell function

Disrupt DNA replication and function

S phase specific (because it has to do with replication)

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Folic Acid Analog

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Block conversion of folic acid to it's active form

Very polar, crosses BBB

Folic acid is needed for several biochemical reactions

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Pyrimidine Analogs

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Inhibit biosynthesis of pyrimidines (bases needed in synthesis of DNA/RNA)

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Purine Analogs

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Inhibit anaologs which are bases used to make nucleic Acids

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Hypomethylating Agents

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Inhibit DNA methyltransferase (an enzyme that puts methyl groups on DNA)

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Anti-Tumor Antibiotics

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All end in mycin

Antibiotics that are cytotoxic, synthesized from bacteria

ONLY used for cancer

Cell cycle non-specific

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Anthracyclines

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Anti-tumor antibiotic

Causes cardio-toxicity

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Non-Anthracyclines

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Anti-tumor Antibiotic

Cardiotoxicity is NOT a side effect

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Mitotic Inhibitors

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Interfere with formation and breakdown of mitotic spindles

M-phase specific

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Vincristine

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Mitotic Inhibitor

Causes peripheral nerve damage

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Vinblastine

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Mitotic Inhibitor

Causes bone marrow suppression

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Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors

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Inhibit DNA enzyme topoisomerase

Alters shape (topology) of super coiled DNA

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Glucocorticoids

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Used against lymphoid derived cancers

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Glucocorticoids

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Used to manage complications of cancer therapy (n/v, pain, cerebral edema, hypercalcemia, improve appetite, wt gain)

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Gonadotropin Releasing hormone agonist

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Make testes produce more hormones which eventually suppresses production of androgens by testes

3 agents result in chemical castration

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Gonadotropin Releasing hormone antagonist

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Suppress production of androgens by the testes

ex: estrogens

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Specific Androgen Receptor Blockers

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Block androgen receptors depriving cells of support

Suppress initial flare up (not used continuously)

Can cause gynecomastia

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Antiestrogens (Selective estrogen receptor modulators)

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Block OR activate estrogen receptors in tissues

Only work if tumor is ER positive

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Tamoxifen

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Antiestrogen that prevents breast cancer in healthy women at risk

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Aromatase Inhibitors

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Treat ER positive breast cancer in POST menopausal women

blocks production of estrogen from androgenic precursors

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Interferon Alpha-2A and 2B

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Naturally occuring proteins that are active against a variety of solid tumors

type of immunotherapy

Render cancer cells non-malignant

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BCG Vaccine

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Treat carcinoma of the bladder by creating an inflammatory response that promotes regression of tumors

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Targeted Drugs

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Anticancer drugs that bind with specific molecules that are more specific than hormones and cytotxic anti-cancer drugs

Harm cancer cells while leaving normal cells alone through many different mechanisms

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Angiogenesis Inhibitors

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Suppress formation of new blood vessels in a growing tumor

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EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

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Block an enzyme that causes growth inside a cell

Inhibits EGFR