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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anticancer drugs specific stages of the cell cycle
CCS |
antimetabolites
topoisomerase inhibitors microtubule poisons |
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anticancer drugs good at anytime in cell cycle
CCNS |
aklyating agents
antitumor antibiotics |
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hand & foot syndrome
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drugs leaking out of capillaries in palms of hands and soles of feet w/ heat and friction-looks like sunburn
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alkylating agents
define |
bind to DNA & alter structure
& base complimentation block access by cross linking CCNS but + cells replicating |
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list alkylating agents
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cyclophosphamide
mechlorethamine cis-platin |
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Mechlorethamine
how it works |
alkylating
1/2life of several minutes IV only used for Hodgkin's disease |
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Mechlorethamine
adverse effects |
acute: n & v
delayed: lower blood counts that recovery in 3-6 wks |
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cyclophosphamide
how it works |
alkylating
oral or IV activated by the host metabolism |
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cyclophosphamide
adverse effects |
acute: n & v
delayed: bone marrow depression, hair loss, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (damage to bladder-BAD!) |
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how do you treat hemorrhagic cystitis?
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forced hydration
mesna - reacts w/ acrolein in the urine |
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cis-platin
how does it work |
alkylating-"platinating agent"
cross links dna IV and cleared in urine nontoxic to bone marrow |
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cis-platin
side effects |
severe n & v, need HT3
Renal toxicity, need to hydrate |
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2 types of cis-platin
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carboplatin-less n & v, more myelosuppression
oxaliplatin-less renal but neurotoxi |
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antimetabolites
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analog (folate, purine, pyrimidine)
enters a metabolic pathway and stops it |
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antimetabolites
list |
cytarabine
5-fluorouracil 6-mercaptopurine methotrexate thioguanine |
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methotrexate
how does it work |
dihydrofoloate reductate substrate & inhibitor
blocks base produtction tumor cells more sensitive |
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methotrexate
how do you administer |
IV, intrathecally
follow w/ rescue of folinic acid |
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methotrexate
side effects |
antifolate effects
hepatotoxicity w/ chronic use resistance: lower accumulation, altered exzyme activity |
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alkylating agents
resistance |
cells become impermeable to drug
increased DNA repair no apoptosis |
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6-mercaptopurine
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purine analog
oral - well tolerated inhibits AMP & GMP synthesis |
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6-thioguanine
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purine analog
oral incorporated into RNA & DNA altering the function |
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purine analogs
resistance |
decrease in hprt (key enzyme in purine synthesis)
increase in alkaline phosphatase |
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5-fluorouracil (5FU)
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pyrimidine analog
inhibits thymidylate synthase |
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cytarbine
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pyrimidine analog
cytosin analogue, chain terminator |
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microtubule poisons
list |
docetaxel
paciltaxel (taxol) vinblastine vincristine |
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vinca alkaloid microtubule poisons
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vinblastine & vincristine
perwinkle plant/vinca rosa inhibit tubulin polymerization screws up mitotic spindles iv biliary excretion |
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vinblastine
side effects |
n & v
hair loss bone marrow depression |
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vincristine
side effects |
very similar to vinblastine
no n & v less toxic to bone marrow peripheral neuropathy if used too long |
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taxanes: microtubule posions
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paclitaxel & docetaxel
stabilizes MT-cant continue thru mitosis IV good for solid tumors |
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taxanes: side effects
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acute hypersensitivity
nausea delayed bm suppression some neuropathy |
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etoposide
how does it work |
topoisomerase II inhibitor
cells stuck in S/G2 oral & IV |
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etopside
side effects |
n & v
hair loss bm suppression |
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antitumor antibiotics
general |
mostly made by microbes
interact w/ DNA an RNA & block access and function IV |
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antitumor antibiotics
list |
bleomycin
daunorubicin doxorubicin |
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daunorubicin & doxrubicin
describe |
anthracyclines
intercalated into DNA, block topo II, inhibit synthesis and cause dsbreaks IV metabolized in liver |
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danuorubicin & doxrubicin
side effects |
**CARDIOTOXICITY**
due to cumulative dose made worse w/ radiation & other drugs cause arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, CHF |
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bleomycin
how does it work |
mix of glycopeptides
binds DNA & generates radicals--strand brks |
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bleomycin
side effects |
hypersenstivity
cutaneous rxns pulmonary toxicity fibrosis |
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hormonal agents
list |
anastrazole
flutamide hydrocortisone letrozole prednisone tamoxifen |
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hydrocortisone & prednisone
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oral
supress proliferation of immune cells leukemias/lymphomas |
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hydrocortisone & prednisone
side effects |
delayed: fluid retention
immunosuppression diabetes |
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Aromatase Inhibitors
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anastrozole & letrozole
block conversion of androgens to estrogens treat primary & metastatic bc |
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aromatase inhibitors
side effects |
acute: mild n, headache
delayed: fatigue, hot flashes |
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selective estrogen receptor anatagonists (SERMs)
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tamoxifen
competing ligands for ER antagonist in breast agonist in endometrium oral chemopreventive |
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tamoxifen side effects
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vaginal bleeding
nausea, hot flashes, |
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androgen receptor antagonists
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Flutamide
nonsteroidal ligands for AR dimish androgen effects oral w/radiation for prostrate |
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flutamide
side effects |
transient hepatic effects
nausea, hot flushes |
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biologicals
list |
interferon a2a
trastuzamab |
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interferon alpha
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cytokine
parenteral administration (not digestive tract) alters gene expression antiviral immunomodulatory |
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interferon alpha
what kinds of cancer |
hematologic malignancies
metastatic melanoma renal cell carcinoma |
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interferon alpha
side effects |
fever, chills, anorexia, weakness
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trastuzumab (Herceptin)
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monoclonal antibody against Her2neu/ErbB-2
IV |
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trastuzumab (Herceptin)
side effects |
infusion rxns
serious heart problems hypersensitivity |
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tyrosine kinase inhibitors
list |
gefitnib
imatinib cancer becomes manageable keep giving til tumor resists, pt dies, or pt stops therapy |
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imatinib
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inhibits Bcr-Abl/other tyk
blocks gf signaling in CML blocks kit in GIST |
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imatinib
side effects |
myelosuppressive
edema hepatotoxicity |
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gefitinib
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inhibits EGFR tyk
oral small cell lung cancer |
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gefitinib
side effects |
fever
dyspnea |
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erythropoietin (procrit)
up RBC side effects |
high blood pressure
CHF heart attack, stroke, seizures increased growth of cancers |
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Mesna
side effects |
mood changes, skin changes, taste changes, n & v, diarrhea, fatigue
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GM-CSF
up WBC side effects |
Side effects of rhGM-CSF include include bone pain, allergic reactions, lethargy, malaise, anorexia, skin rashes, flushing, fever and chills. At high doses, weight gain is often seen along with breathing difficulties, blood clots and collections of fluid around the heart or lungs.
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ondansertron
prevent n & v side effects |
diarrhea or constipation
headache dizziness |
