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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What antimetabolite(s) has the greatest effect on cells in the S phase?
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methotrexate and cytosine arabinose
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What is the MOA of methotrexate?
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a folic acid antagonist (competes for binding site on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase preventing the synthesis of folate)
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What is the antidote for cytotoxicity of methotrexate?
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leucovorin
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How does leucovorin provide it's antidote effect from methotrexate toxicity?
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provides folate for cell
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What drug(s)combination with methotrexate can lead to severe folate deficiency?
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trimethoprim/sulfa antibiotic
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What percentage of the dose of methotrexate is excreted in 24 hours and by what means?
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90% of the dose is excreted in 24 hours and primarily excreted in the urine
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What is the MOA of cytosine arabinoside?
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inhibition of DNA polymerase
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What is cytosine arabinoside used for the treatment of?
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used to treat CNS lymphoma as well as in CSF, also used to treat leukemias
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What antimetabolite do you never want to use in cats because of death?
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(5FU), 5-Flurouracil
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What is the mechanism of action of 5- flurouracil (5FU)?
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it is a pyrimidine analog that exerts cytotoxic effects by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase; therefore inhibiting DNA synthesis and some RNA synthesis
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What spp. of animal does 5FU normally cause neurotoxicity?
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dogs
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What reason do you use 5FU in large animals?
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skin carcinomas and solar keratosis (2-4 month therapy)
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What is the protocol for an accidental treatment of 5FU in cats?
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there is nothing you can do, there is no taking back the administration
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What are the platinum drugs?
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Cisplatin and Carboplatin
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What is the action of L-Asparginase?
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enzyme cleaves extracellular pools of L-asparagine which is required by neoplastic lymphoid cells and is most effective in G1 phase
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Why is folate important for the body?
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Because it is needed for the production of purine nucleotides and thymidine
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What is the mechanism of action for Cisplatin?
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alkylation of DNA
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What spp. do we never want to use cisplatin for?
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cats
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How do you prevent nephrotoxicity in dogs when administering cisplatin?
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pre hydrate the animal with saline to keep the kidney going
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What side effects can be seen with Cisplatin treatment?
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vomition, anorexia, and nausea
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What drug(s) do you want to pretreat the animal with if Cisplatin must be administered?
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butorphenol or ondansetron
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What clinical signs may be seen with repeated doses of Cisplatin treatment?
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hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia
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What drug is most similar to Cisplatin?
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Carboplatin
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What kind of needles are forbidden when giving platinum drugs?
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ammonium needles
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What is the difference between Carboplatin and Cisplatin?
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Carboplatin is safe to use in cats and is less renal toxic
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What agents is not recommended to give with carboplatin and cisplatin?
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aminoglycosides
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How can cisplatin and carboplatin be administered?
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intralesionally
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In what conditions is L-Asparaginase used?
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in lymphoid leukemia and lymphomia
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What precaution is taken with administration of L-Asparaginase?
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pretreat animal with diphenhydramine b/c this foregin protein can cause allergic reaction
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What drug is given concurrently with piroxicam(non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent with antitumor activity) to prevent GI ulceration?
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misoprostol
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