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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What spp. is known to loose whiskers after chemotherapy treatment?
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cats
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What main drugs are known to cause alopecia in poodles, terriers, and Old English Sheep dogs?
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cyclophosphamide and/or doxarubicin
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What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide?
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causes killing by cross linking of DNA
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Where is cyclophosphamide metabolized?
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metabolized in the liver
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What is cyclophosphamide metabolized to in the liver?
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the active cytotoxic metabolie, acrotein and phosphoramide mustard
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What clinical sign is seen when acrotein is present in the body?
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blood in the urine
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Where is cyclophosphamide excreted?
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primarily by the kidneys, so decrease dose and interval in renal disease
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What are some side effects of cyclophosphamide?
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bone marrow suppresion
nausea and vomiting neutropenia myelosuppression hemmorrhagic cystitis alopecia |
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Which side effect is only seen when cyclophosphamide is given in the morning?
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hemmorrhagic cystitis
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What type of tumors is cyclophosphamide effective against?
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lymphomas, carcinomas, and sarcomas
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What drugs is cyclophosphamide effective in conjugation with?
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vincristine or doxarubicin
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Why is cyclophosphamide not used in intracavitary toxicity?
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because ti must be metabolized to the active form in the liver
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What is melphalan and what is it used for?
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melphalan is a akylating agent used in treatment fo multiple myeloma in combination with prednisone
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What is melphalan used in combination with to treat multiple myelomas
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prednisone
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What is the most common side effect of melphalan after prolonged use?
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myelosuppression
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What effect does cyclophosphamide have on the WBC count?
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WBC nadir occurs in 7-10 days and recovers in 7-14 days
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How is melphalan administer and when is it given
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Oral(mostly in Vetmed) and injectable, given on an empty stomach
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What is the slowest acting and least toxic alkylating agent?
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Chlorambucil
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What drug is used when cyclophosamide has many side effects, such as hemorrhagic cystitis?
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chlorambucil
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Is marrow suppression reversible or irreversible with chlorambucil treatment?
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reversible
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What is Chlorambucil used to treat?
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia
macroglobinemia small cell lymphoma thymoma in dogs and cats |
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When is Chlorambucil given for best effectiveness?
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on an empty stomach
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How often is a blood count given during induction with chlorambucil?
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every 2 weeks
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What is the mechanism of action of dacarbazine?
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alkylation of nucleic acids
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When is dacarbazine primarily used?
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in relapsed lymphoma in combination with doxorubicin
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What is the side effects of dacarbazine?
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irritating when injected and causes phelbitis and irritation with extravasation
myelosuppression vomiting and nausea |
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What alkylating agent is not commonly used in veterinary medicine?
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dacarbazine
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What alkylating agent is used primarily in vet med for treatment of CNS neoplasia?
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nitrosureas
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What are the two nitrosureas alkylating agents?
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CCNU(lomustine) and BCNU(carmustine)
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Which nitrosureas is available in oral form?
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Lomustine (CCNU)
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Which of the nitrosureas are available in IV form and is painful when injected?
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BCNU (Carmustine)
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Which nitrosureas mya be affective in canine mast cell tumor?
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CCNU (Lomustine)
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When do you expect to see vomittion or nausea after administration of nitrosureas?
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immediately after
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To prevent nausea after administration of nitrosureas, what drug(s) is given?
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butorphanol or ondansetron
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When will you expect to see neutropenia and how long will it last after nitrosureas treatment?
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Seen as early as 1 week and can last up to 6 weeks
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What effect does nitrosureas have on the bone marrow?
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it causes bone marrow suppression
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