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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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wavelength
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the distance between two points on adjacent waves that have the same phase, for example, the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs.
Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. |
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frequency
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number of complete waves passing a point in a given period of time (cycles per second)
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spectrum
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a plot of the intensity of light (photons perunit of time) as a function of the wavelength or freuquency of light
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elcetromagnetic radiation
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radition that consists of oscilating electric and magnetic fields that travel throguh space at the same rate (the speed of light in a vaccume)
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Photons (quanta)
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A massless particle of light whos energy is given by HV where V is the frequency of the light and H is plancks constant
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ground state
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the state of an atom or molecule in which all of the electrons are in their lowest possible energy levels
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excited state
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the unstable state of an atom or molecule in which at least one electron does not have it lowest possible energy
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Shell
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a collection of orbitals with the same value of the principle quantum number N
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Subshell
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a group of atomic orbatals with the same N and L quantum
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Isoelectronic
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refers to atoms and ions that have identical electron configurations
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Atomic Radius
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One half the distance between the nucli centers of two like atoms in a molecule
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Ionization Energy
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the energy needed to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of atoms in the gas phase
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Electron Affinity
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The energy change when a mole of electrons is added to a mole of atoms in the gas phase
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Lattice Energy
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Enthalpy of formation of one mole of an ionic solid from its seperated gaseous ions
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Electronegativity
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a measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electrons to itself
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Oxidation Number (state)
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A comparison of the charge of an uncombined atom with its actual charge or its relative charge in a compound
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Oxidation
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The loss of electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule leading to an increase in oxidation number
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Reduction
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the gain of electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule, leading to a decrease in its oxidation number
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Oxidizing Agent
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the substance that accepts electrons and is reduced in an oxidation-reduction reaction
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Reducing Agent
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the atom, molecule, or ion that donates electrons and is oxidized in an oxidation-reduction reaction
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Main Group Elements
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elements in the 8A groups to the left and right of the transition elements in the periodic table; the S and P block elements
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Transition Elements
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elements that lie in rows 4-7 of the periodic table in which D or F subshells are being filled; comprising scandium through zinc, yttirum through cadmium, lanthanum through mercury, actianium and elemtns of higher atomic number.
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Alkali Metals
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The group 1A elements in the periodic table except H
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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elements in group 2A of the periodic table
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Halogens
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the elements in group 7A of the periodic table
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Noble Gasses
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gasious elements in group bA; the least reactive elements
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Heat Capacity
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the quantity of energy that must be transfered to an object to raise its temp. by 1 degree celcius
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Specific Heat Capactiy
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the quantity of energy that must be transferred to one gram of a substance to increase its temperatue by 1 degree celcius
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