Chemistry Vocab For Exam 1

Front 1

Hydrocarbon

Back 1

an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Front 2

Alkane

Back 2

a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds

Front 3

straight chain Alkane

Back 3

an alkane that has all its carbons connected in a row

Front 4

branched chain Alkane

Back 4

an alkane that has at least one branching connections of carbons

Front 5

Isomers

Back 5

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

Front 6

Constitutional Isomers

Back 6

compounds with the same molecular formula but different connections among their atoms

Front 7

conformation

Back 7

the specific three dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule at a given instant

Front 8

Alkene

Back 8

a hydrocarbon that contains carbon-carbon double bond

Front 9

saturated

Back 9

a molecule whose carbon atoms bond to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

Front 10

unsaturated

Back 10

a molecule that contains a carbon-carbon double bond (or a carbon-carbon triple bond)

Front 11

Alkyne

Back 11

a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond

Front 12

cycloalkene

Back 12

a cyclic hydrocarbon that contains a double bond and it contains a ring of carbon atoms

Front 13

aromatic

Back 13

the class of compounds containing benzene like rings

Front 14

resonance

Back 14

the phenomena where the true structure of a molecule is an average among 2 or more conventional structures

Front 15

what is the number of carbons that Methane has?

Back 15

1

Front 16

what is the number of carbons that Ethane has?

Back 16

2

Front 17

what is the number of carbons that Propane has?

Back 17

3

Front 18

what is the number of carbons that Butane has?

Back 18

4

Front 19

what is the number of carbons that Pentane has?

Back 19

5

Front 20

what is the number of carbons that Hexane has?

Back 20

6

Front 21

shell

Back 21

a region of space around the nucleus where electrons are found

Front 22

orbital

Back 22

a region of space around the nucleus of an atom that can hold up to two electrons

Front 23

valence shell

Back 23

the outermost (highest energy) shell of an atom that contains electrons

Front 24

valence electrons

Back 24

outer shell electrons

Front 25

lewis structure

Back 25

the symbol of the chemical element surrounded by a number of dots equal to the number of electron in teh outer or valence shell

Front 26

nonpolar covalent bond

Back 26

one in which the difference in electronegativities are b/t bonded atoms are less than 0.5

Front 27

polar covalent bond

Back 27

one in which the difference in electronegativities is b/t 0.5 and 1.9

Front 28

electronegativity

Back 28

is a measure of the force of an atom's attraction for electrons that shares in a chemical bond with another atom

Front 29

alkyl group

Back 29

a substituent group derived from an alkane by removal of a hydrogen atom

Front 30

alcohol

Back 30

a compound that has an -OH group bonded to a saturated, alkane like carbon atom, R-OH

Front 31

phenol

Back 31

a compound that has -OH group bonded directly to an aromatic, benzene like ring, AR-OH

Front 32

ether

Back 32

a compound that has an oxygen atom bonded to 2 organic groups, R-O-R

Front 33

organic oxidation of carbon

Back 33

an increase in the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen

Front 34

lone pair

Back 34

a pair of electrons that is not used for bonding

Front 35

carbonyl compound

Back 35

any compound that contains a carbonyl group C=O

Front 36

carbonyl group

Back 36

a functional group that has a carbon atom joined to an oxyen by a double bond

Front 37

aldehyde

Back 37

a compound that has carbonyl group bonded to one carbon and one hydrogyen, RCHO

Front 38

ketone

Back 38

a compound that a carbonyl group bonded to 2 carbons of organic groups that can be the same or different, R2C=O or RR'C=O

Front 39

carboxylic acid

Back 39

a compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to a carbon atom (of an organic group) and an OH- group, RCOOH

Front 40

ester

Back 40

a compound that has carbonyl group bonded to the carbon of an organic group and an OR- group where R is another organic group, RCOOR, or RCOOR

Front 41

esterification

Back 41

the reaction b/t an alchol and a carboxylic acid to yield an ester plus water

Front 42

amines

Back 42

a compound that has one or more organic groups bonded to a nitrogen

Front 43

amino

Back 43

the -NH2 functional group

Front 44

heterocyclic compounds

Back 44

a compound with a ring structure that contains within the ring some atom other than carbon, typically nitrogen

Front 45

amide

Back 45

a compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to a carbon atom and to a nitrogen atom group, RCONR