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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are hydrocarbons?
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Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
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3 types of hydrocarbons and their formulas
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Alkanes CnH(2n+2) contains only single bonds
Alkenes CnH(2n) contains at least one double bond Alkynes CnH(2n-2) contains at least one triple bond |
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Homologous series is a
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A series of compounds in which each member differs from the next by a specific number and kind of atoms.
eg. Alkanes |
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Factors contributing the the vast range of carbon compounds
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- C has 4 outer shell electrons, allowing it to form up to 4 bonds
- C can form single, double or triple bonds - C can bond to itself, forming long chains - C can bond to a range of other elements |
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Organic compounds contain
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hydrogen and carbon and can contain other elements
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Functional group is
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A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound.
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Saturated hydrocarbons
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Contain as many hydrogens as possible
'Saturated' with hydrogens = ALKANES |
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Unsaturated hydrocarbons
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Do not contain as many hydrogens as possible
= ALKENES and ALKYES |
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Cylcoalkanes
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Alkanes(only single bonds) that form in a ring shape
Have formula CnH(2n) |
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Prefixes of hydrocarbons
(Mice Eat Peanut Butter) |
meth- eth- prop- but- pent- hex- hept- oct- non- dec-
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Isomers
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Are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
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Naming alkanes
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1. Name longest chain
2. Name and number and alkyl group (use smallest numbers, chains can be numbered form either side) 3. Number the position of the side chain on the main carbon chain. Example - 2,4-dimethyloctane |
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Naming Alkenes
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Same as alkanes except:
1. The parents chain must include the double bond 2. The chain must be numbered from whichever end gives the double don't the lowest number Example - 2,2-dimethylprop-1-ene |
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As the length of the alkane or alkene molecule increases
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MP and BP increase
Viscosity and density increase Volatility and solubility decrease |
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Intermolecular bonds between alkanes and alkenes are
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Dispersion forces (as they are mostly non-polar) and these forces increase as the size of the molecule increases
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Reactions of Alkanes
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1. Combustion reactions
(alkanes+O2=CO2+H2O) 2. Substitution reactions (alkane+halogen=hydrogen/halogen+hydrocarbon/halogen) - this reaction continues to make several different molecules |
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!!!! REACTION OF ALKENES !!!
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!!!
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Alkyl group
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A group of carbons and hydrogens bonded to a hydrocarbon.
The have the formula CnH(2n+1) Named with same prefixes as hydrocarbons and the suffix -yl (methyl, ethyl, propyl etc) |
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Natural gas consists of
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Most methane and other alkanes
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Petroleum (crude oil) consists of
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A range of mainly alkanes and some unsaturated hydrocarbons
It is a viscous black liquid and a source of fuel! |
