Chemistry Test 1 (Units 1&2)

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that possesses mass and occupies volume

Front 2

physical properties

Back 2

a characteristic shown by a substance itself, without interacting with or changing into other substances

Front 3

chemical properties

Back 3

a characteristic of a substance that appears as it interacts with, or transforms into, other substances

Front 4

substance

Back 4

a type of matter, either an element or a compound, that has a fixed composition

Front 5

atom

Back 5

the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical nature of the element; a neutral, spherical entity composed of a positively charged central nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons

Front 6

compound

Back 6

a substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions

Front 7

ion

Back 7

a charged particle that forms from an atom (or covalently bonded group of atoms) when it gains or loses one or more electrons

Front 8

homogenous mixture

Back 8

a mixture that has no visible boundaries among its components

Front 9

intensive property

Back 9

a property, such as density, that does not depend on the quantity of substance present

Front 10

uncertainty

Back 10

a characteristic of every measurement that results from the inexactness of the measuring device and the need to estimate when taking a reading

Front 11

kinetic energy

Back 11

the energy an object has because of its motion

Front 12

physical change

Back 12

a change in which the physical form (or state) of a substance, but not its composition, is altered

Front 13

chemical change

Back 13

a change in which one or more substances are converted into one or more substances with different composition and properties

Front 14

element

Back 14

the simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties; consists of only one kind of atom, so it cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Front 15

molecule

Back 15

a structure consisting of two or more atoms that are bound chemically and behave as an independent unit

Front 16

mixture

Back 16

a group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingled

Front 17

pure substance mixture

Back 17

consists of elements and/or compounds

Front 18

heterogenous mixture

Back 18

a mixture that has one or more visible boundaries among its components

Front 19

extensive property

Back 19

a property, such as mass, that depends on the quantity of substance present

Front 20

significant figures

Back 20

the digits obtained in a measurement; the greater number of sig figs, the greater the certainty of the measurement

Front 21

potential energy

Back 21

the energy an object has as a result of its position relative to other objects or because of its composition

Front 22

composition

Back 22

the types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter

Front 23

elemental molecules

Back 23

certain atoms that are diatomic (H2, etc.)

Front 24

aqueous solution

Back 24

contains a solute dissolved in water

Front 25

solute

Back 25

the substance that dissolves in the solvent

Front 26

solvent

Back 26

the substance in which the solute(s) dissolve

Front 27

solution

Back 27

homogenous mixture

Front 28

filtration

Back 28

separates components of a mixture based upon differences in particle size; usually involves separating a precipitate from solution

Front 29

crystallization

Back 29

separation is based upon differences in solubility of components in a mixture

Front 30

distillation

Back 30

separation is based upon differences in volatility

Front 31

extraction

Back 31

separation is based upon differences in solubility in different solvents (major material)

Front 32

chromatography

Back 32

separation is based upon differences in solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase

Front 33

solid

Back 33

has a fixed shape and volume; may be hard or soft, rigid or flexible; particles are close together and organized; motion between particles is vibration only

Front 34

liquid

Back 34

has a varying shape that conforms to the shape of the container, but a fixed volume (has an upper surface); particles are close together but disorganized; particles randomly packed; particles in constant contact; motions include vibration, rotation, sometimes translation (particles can move past each other)

Front 35

gas

Back 35

has no fixed shape or volume and therefore does not have a surface; particles are far apart and disorganized; also fluids; particles usually not close enough together to touch; volume is the volume of the container; motions include vibration, rotation, translation

Front 36

accuracy

Back 36

how close the experimental results are to the real, known value

Front 37

precision

Back 37

how close your experiments are to each other

Front 38

atomic number

Back 38

the number of protons in the nucleus; determines the element

Front 39

isotopes

Back 39

same element (atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons

Front 40

mass number

Back 40

summation of the number of protons and neutrons

Front 41

ions

Back 41

charged particles (elements or compound)

Front 42

cations

Back 42

positively charged ion

Front 43

anions

Back 43

negatively charged ion

Front 44

alkali metals

Back 44

very reactive with water; silvery-gray color; soft; forms +1 cations

Front 45

alkaline metals

Back 45

reactive but not as much as alkali; silvery-gray color; ductile; denser and harder than alkali; forms +2 cations

Front 46

halogens

Back 46

very reactive; form -1 anions

Front 47

noble gases

Back 47

aka inert gases; least reactive elements in the periodic table

Front 48

covalent bonds

Back 48

atom combinations bonded together by sharing electrons

Front 49

ionic bonds

Back 49

chemical bond results from a charge attraction between ions

Front 50

molecular (covalent) compounds

Back 50

combination of nonmetals

Front 51

ionic compounds

Back 51

combination of metals and nonmetals

Front 52

naming corresponding salts

Back 52

name salts corresponding to oxy-acids by substituting -ate for -ic and -ite for -ous