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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Starting with the centre of the Earth, what is the correct order for the layers of the Earth?
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Core, mantle, crust
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What causes tectonic plates to move?
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Convection currents in the mantle
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At what rates do tectonic plates move?
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A few centimetres per year
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Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
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Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
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Which was the most abundant gas in the early atmosphere?
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Carbon dioxide was the most abundant gas in the early atmosphere.
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What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere today?
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The approximate percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere today is 20 per cent.
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What caused the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere to increase?
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Photosynthesis
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Which of the following is a reason for the decrease in carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere?
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It became locked up in fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks
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Liquid air can be fractionally distilled to produce various gases with industrial uses. This is because the different gases in air have:
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Different gases in the air have different boiling points.
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What is the correct electronic structure for an element with 17 electrons?
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2,8,7
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What is the atomic number of an atom?
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The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons it contains
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What does the nucleus contain?
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protons and neutrons
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What are the groups in the periodic table?
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A column of similar elements
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What is the chemical symbol for sodium?
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Na
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An atom consists of:
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A nucleus surrounded by electrons
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The atoms in an element are:
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All the same type
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An element has the electronic structure 2,8,4. Which group is it in?
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An element with the electronic structure 2,8,4 is in Group 4.
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Two elements have these electronic structures: 2,1 and 2,8,1. What can you say about the elements?
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Elements with the electronic structures 2,1 and 2,8,1 are both in Group 1.
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What do the elements in a group have the same number of?
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The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level or outer shell.
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When an element from group 1 reacts with water:
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A metal hydroxide and hydrogen are formed.
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Why is sodium stored under oil?
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Sodium is stored under oil to keep it away from air and water.
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What does an ionic bond involve?
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Moving electrons between atoms.
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What is an ionic bond?
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A force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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When ions form from atoms:
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Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
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What does a covalent bond involve?
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sharing electrons between atoms
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The result of a test for carbon dioxide is:
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Limewater turns cloudy
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Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to produce:
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Calcium carbonate
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How do you produce calcium oxide from calcium carbonate?
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By heating it
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Limestone is mostly made of what?
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Calcium Carbonate
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Water is one of the ingredients of concrete. What are the other ingredients?
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Cement, sand and crushed rock
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What is a benefit of a limestone quarry?
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There is employment for local people.
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What is an advantage of using concrete to make building foundations?
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It is strong when squashed.
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Why can gold be found in the Earth's crust in its native state?
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Gold is very unreactive.
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Why is aluminium extracted from aluminium ore by electrolysis?
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Aluminium is more reactive than carbon.
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Why is iron extracted from iron ore by reduction with carbon or carbon monoxide?
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Iron is less reactive than carbon.
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What happens to iron oxide in a blast furnace?
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It is reduced to form iron.
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In comparison with steel, what is pure iron like?
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Softer
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Which type of steel is likely to be used for making cutlery?
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Stainless Steel
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What process is used to purify copper?
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Electrolysis is used to purify copper.
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Phytomining involves:
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using plants to absorb metal compounds
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Copper can be obtained by reacting solutions of copper compounds with scrap iron. This sort of reaction is called:
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displacement
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