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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chemical system that resists changes in pH when limited amounds of base or acid are added to it; usually of approximately equal amts of a weak acid and its conj base, or vice versa
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buffer
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quantity of acid or base the buffer can accomodate without undergoing significant ph change (more than 1 pH unit)
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buffer capacity
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the standard, known solution being added to an unknown solution
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titrant
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reached when the amount of titrant is added that exactly neutralizes the acid or base
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equivalence point
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point at which the indicator changes color during a titration
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end point
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precipitation below pH 5.6
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acid rain
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equilibrium constant that describes the extent to which the solid solute dissolves to give ions in solution
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solubility product constant, Ksp
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shifts in equilibrium position that reults from addition of an ion identical to one in the equilibrium
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common ion effect
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equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion
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formation constant, Kf
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same form as Ksp that uses actual concentrations rather than equilibrium values used to determine whether a ppt will form
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ion product, Q
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Q < Ksp
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solution is unsaturated and no ppt forms
[ions] lower than required for equilibrium with the solid |
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Q > Ksp
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soln is supersaturated
to reach equilibrium, a ppt forms, decreasing the [ions] until the ion product equalls the Ksp |
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Q = Ksp
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soln is saturated with ions and is at equilibrium and at the point of precipitation
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graph of pH as a function of the volume of titrant added
-prior to titrant addition -after titrant, before equivalence pt -at the equivalence pt -after the equivalence pt |
titration curve
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attached Lewis base
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ligand
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removal of one metal ion from a solution
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selective precipitation
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