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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H+ donors
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Bronsted-Lowry acids
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H+ acceptors
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B-L bases
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acids donate H+ ions and bases accept them
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acid-base reaction
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substance that can donate or accept H+ ie water
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amphiprotic
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pair of molecules or ions related to each otehr by the loss or gain of a single H+
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conjugate acid-base pair
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organic compound containing an -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2 functional group
-react as weak bases, acception H+ from water |
amines
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EQM reaction where water molecules react with each other to form hydronium and hydroxide ions,
-molecule of another substance donates a proton to another molecule of the same substance |
autoionization
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ionization constant for water:
Kw= [H30+][OH-]=1.0E-14 -applies to all aqueous solutions -temp dependent |
Kw
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=-log[H3O+]
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pH
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([H3O][conjugate acid])/[conjugate base]
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acid ionization constant expression
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acids that can donate a single H+ ion
-HF, HCl, HNO3 |
monoprotic acids
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can donate more than one H+ ion
-H2SO4, H2CO3, H3PO4 |
polyprotic acids
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acidic hydrogen is bonded directly to oxygen in an H-O- bond
-HNO3 nitric acid HClO4 perchloric H2SO4 sulfuric |
oxoacids
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structure containing both positive and negative charge, commonly due to loss and gain or a H ion within the same molecule
-salt-like substance |
zwitterion
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substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a new bond
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lewis acid
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can donate a pair of electrons to form a new bond
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lewis base
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bond in which both of the two electrons forming the bond were originally associated with the same one of the two bonded atoms
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coordinate covalent bond
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metal ion + a Lewis base
ie Ag(NH3)2 |
complex ion
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can react as both a base and an acid
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amphoteric
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attraction of electrons from adjacent bonds by electronegative O elements
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inductive effect
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leveling effect
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solvent's ability to level the effect of a strong acid or base dissolved in it
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acids and bases which dissociate incompletely
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weak
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double displacement reaction represented by
HA + BOH-->(B+A-) + H20 |
neutralization
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generic name represented by:
( B+A-) |
salt
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weak acid or base whose dissociated and undissociated forms have different wavelengths of maximum absorption of light
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indicator
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MX + H20-->MOH + HX
or CH3COO- + H20-->CH3COOH + OH- a bond is broken by reaction with a water molecule and the -H and -OH of the water add to the atoms of the broken bond |
hydrolysis
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describes acids with two ionizable hydrogens, H2CO3, H2SO4, H2S
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diprotic acid
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