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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
accuracy
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How close a measurement is to its known or accepted value.
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activation energy
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The energy necessary to get the reaction going by increasing the energy of the reactants so that they can combine.
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Celsius
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Based on the concept of diving the distance on a thermometer between the freezing point & boiling point of water and dividing into 100 equal degrees.
C=5/9(F-32) C=K-273 |
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chemical change
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Changes in the composition and structure of a substance. Always accompanied by energy changes.
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chemical property
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Can be observed in regard to whether or not a substance reacts with other substances (i.e. iron rusts in moist air)
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compound
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Two or more kinds of atoms joined together in definite grouping.
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density
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The mass per unit volume of a substance.
D=m/V |
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element
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Substance made up of only one kind of atom.
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endothermic
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In a chemical change, the structure needs to absorb more energy than is available from the reactants.
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exothermic
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In a chemical change, the energy released in the formation of a new structure exceeds the chemical energy of the original substances, and energy is given off, usually in the form of heat or light or both.
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Fahrenheit
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F=9/5C+32
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gas
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State of matter that has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
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heterogeneous
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A mixture in which the composition is indefinite (i.e. granite, wood, blood).
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homogeneous
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A mixture in which the composition is definite (i.e. air, sugar in water, stainless steel).
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inertia
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The property of matter whereby it remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force.
Property of mass to resist a change of position or motion. |
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Kelvin
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Scale based on the lowest theoretical temperature (absolute zero -273 C)
K=C+273 C=K-273 |
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kilocalorie (kcal)
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Equal to 1000 cal.
Quantity of heat that will increase the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree on the Celsius scale. 1 cal is approximately 4.18J |
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kinetic energy
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Energy in motion.
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liquid
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State of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container.
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mass
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The quantity of matter that a substance possesses.
Depending on the gravitational force acting on it, it has a unit of weight assigned to it. |
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matter
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Anything that occupies space and has mass.
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meniscus
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The "skin" of a liquid at which a volume measurement is read.
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mixture
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1) Composition is indefinite and usually heterogeneous.
2) Properties of the constituents are retained. 3) Parts of the mixture react differently to changed conditions. |
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physical change
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Alters the physical properties of matter, but the composition remains constant.
Most often altered properties are form and state. |
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physical property
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Those properties that can usually be observed with our senses.
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potential energy
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Energy due to position.
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precision
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Indicates the reliability or reproducibility of a measurement.
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scientific notation
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A system that uses the exponential means of expressing figures.
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significant figures
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All the digits that are certain plus one uncertain digit.
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SI units
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The most common system of measurement in the world.
A modernized metric system designated in 1960. Has 7 basic units that can be used to express the fundamental properties of measurement. |
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solid
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A state of matter that has both a definite size and shape.
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uncertainty
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Regardless of precision and accuracy, all measurements have a degree of uncertainty. Depended on two factors:
1) limitation of the measuring instrument. 2) Skill of the person making the measurement. |
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weight
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The measure of the force with which a body is attracted toward the earth by gravity.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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Energy is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary physical and chemical changes.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
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In a chemical change, matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another.
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Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy
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Mass and energy are interchangeable under certain conditions.
E=mc^2 |
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Law of Definite Composition or Proportion
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Compounds are made by combining elements in a definite proportion (or ratio) by mass and are made up of two or more kinds of atoms.
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