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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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7.1 Valence Electrons
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electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an elements atoms
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7.1 To find number of Valence electrons
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look at its group number on the periodic table
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7.1 The Octet Rule
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In forming compounds atoms ten to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas. (each noble gas except helium has eight electrons)
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7.1 The gain and loss of electrons in Metals and Nonmetals
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Atoms of Metals tend to lose their valence electrons, leaving a complete octet in the next lowest energy level. Atoms of nonmetals tend to gain electrons or share with another nonmetal to achieve a complete octet.
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7.1 Formation of Cations
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An atom's loss of valence electrons produces a cation, or a positively charged ion.
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7.1 Forming of Anions
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The gain of negatively charged electrons by a neutral atom produces an anion.
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7.2 Ionic compounds
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compounds composed of cations and anions are Ionic compounds.
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7.2 Charge of ionic compounds
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Although they are composed of ions, ionic compounds are electrically neutral.
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7.2 Ionic bonds
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The electrostatic forces that hold ions together are called ionic bonds. In ionic bonds electrons are taken from one atom and given to another to achieve stability.
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7.2 Chemical Formula
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A chemical formula shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative substance. (NaCl, Na+1 Cl-1)
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7.2 Formula Unit
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The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound. (NaCl, 1:1 b/c Na+1 Cl-1)
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7.2 State of Ionic Compounds
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Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature.
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7.2 Melting points of Ionic Compounds
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Ionic compounds generally have high melting points.
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7.2 Coordination Number
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THe number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal
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7.2 electricity current of ionic compounds
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Ionic compounds can conduct an electricity current when melted or dissolved in water.
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7.3 Metallic Bonds
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Metallic bonds consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions.
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7.3 Arrangements of Metal Atoms
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Metal atoms are arranged in very compact and orderly patterns.
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7.3 Alloys
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Alloys are mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
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7.3 Importance of Alloys
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Their properties are often superior to those of their component elements.
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