Chemistry Test 1

Front 1

Pursuit of scientific knowledge without the goal of a practical application.

Back 1

Basic Science

Front 2

Science with a well-defined, short-term goal of solving a specific problem.

Back 2

Applied Science

Front 3

Application of scientific knowledge in the context of industrial production, our economic system, and our societal goals.

Back 3

Technology

Front 4

The study of matter and the changes it can undergo.

Back 4

Chemistry

Front 5

Large enough to be seen, felt and handled.

Back 5

Macroscopic

Front 6

Visible only with the aid of a microscope.

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Microscopic

Front 7

In the range of the nanometer; atoms and molecules are in this range.

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Nanoscopic

Front 8

Pure substances composed of atoms of different elements combined in definite, fixed ratios.

Back 8

Chemical Compounds

Front 9

The smallest chemical unit of a compound that retains the composition and properties of the compound and can exist independently.

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Molecule

Front 10

Uniform in composition.

Back 10

Homogeneous mixtures

Front 11

Not Uniform in composition.

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Heterogeneous mixtures

Front 12

Homogeneous mixtures, which may be in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state.

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Solutions

Front 13

A measure of the quantity of matter in an object.

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Mass

Front 14

Properties that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.

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Physical properties

Front 15

Mass per unit volume.

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Density

Front 16

Properties that result in chemical reactions and changes in the identity of one or more reactants.

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Chemical Properties

Front 17

Process in which one or more pure substances are converted to one or more different pure substances.

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Chemical Reaction

Front 18

Substances that undergo chemical change in a chemical reaction.

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Reactants

Front 19

Substances formed as the result of a chemical reaction.

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Products

Front 20

The capacity for doing work or causing change.

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Energy

Front 21

Energy in storage by virtue of position or arrangement.

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Potential energy

Front 22

Kinetic energy

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The energy of objects in motion

Front 23

Molecules composed of two atoms.

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Diatomic Molecules

Front 24

Written combination of element symbols that represents the atoms combined in a chemical compound.

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Chemical formula

Front 25

In chemical formulas, numbers written below the line to show numbers or ratios of atoms in a compound.

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Subscripts

Front 26

Chemical formulas that show the connections between atoms in molecules as straight lines.

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Structural formulas

Front 27

Chemical formulas that represent molecules with atom symbols and subscripts.

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Molecular formulas

Front 28

Compounds of carbon with hydrogen, and derivatives of these compounds

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Organic compounds

Front 29

Compounds of all elements other than the organic compounds of carbon

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Inorganic compounds

Front 30

Representations of chemical reactions by the formulas of reactants and products

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Chemical equations

Front 31

Chemical equations in which the total number of atoms of each kind is the same in reactants and products.

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Balanced chemical equations

Front 32

Describes information or experiments that are numerical.

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Quantitive

Front 33

Describes information or experiments that are not numerical.

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Qualitative

Front 34

Matter is neither lost nor gained during a chemical reaction.

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Law of conservation of matter

Front 35

In a compound, the constituent elements are always present in a definite proportion by weight.

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Law of definite proportions

Front 36

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus

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Protons

Front 37

Electrically neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus

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Neutrons

Front 38

Small central core of the atom; contains the protons and neutrons.

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Nucleus

Front 39

Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the space around the nucleus

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Electrons

Front 40

Spontaneous decomposition of unstable atomic nuclei; produces alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

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Radioactivity

Front 41

Positively charged particles identical to helium

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Alpha particles

Front 42

Electrons ejected at high speeds from certain radioactive isotopes

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Beta particles

Front 43

High-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive isotopes

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Gamma Rays

Front 44

The number of protons in the nuclei of the atoms of an element.

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Atomic Number

Front 45

Number of neutrons plus number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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Mass Number

Front 46

Atoms of the same element having different mass numbers

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Isotopes

Front 47

The unit for relative atomic masses of the elements

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Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)

Front 48

The number that represents the average atomic mass of the element's isotopes weighted by percentage abundance.

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Atomic Weight

Front 49

A spectrum that contains radiation distributed over all wavelengths

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Continuous spectrum

Front 50

The smallest increment of energy

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Quantum

Front 51

The condition of ana tom in which all electrons are in their normal, lowest energy levels

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Ground state

Front 52

An unstable, higher energy state of an atom

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Excited state

Front 53

A principal energy level defined by a given value of n

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Shell

Front 54

A region of three-dimensional space around an atom within which there is a significant probability that a given electron will be found.

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Orbital

Front 55

Different energy levels within a given shell

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Subshells

Front 56

Arrangement of elements in atomic number order in rows so that elements with similar properties fall together in vertical columns.

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Periodic table

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Vertical columns of elements with similar properties in the periodic table

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Groups

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Elements in the A groups of the periodic table

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Representative or main-group elements

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Elements in periodic table rows 4-7 in which d or f orbitals are being filled

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transition elements

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Elements 58-71 and 90-103 which lie between Groups 2A and 3A of the main group elements and are usually placed at the bottom of the periodic table

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Inner transition elements

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Horizontal rows in the periodic table

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Periods

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Elements that conduct electric current; most are malleable and ductile

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Metals

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Elements that do not conduct electrical current

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Nonmetals

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Poor conductors of heat and electricity

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Insulators

Front 65

Elements with properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

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Metalloids

Front 66

Metalloid elements with electrical conductivity intermediate between that of metals and nonmetals

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Semiconductors

Front 67

Group 8A elements in the periodic table

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Noble Gases

Front 68

Atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative sharge

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Ions

Front 69

Elements in Group 1A

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Alkali Metals

Front 70

An ion with an overall positive charge

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Cation

Front 71

Elements in Group 2A in the periodic table

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Alkaline earth metals

Front 72

Elements in Group 7A in the periodic table

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Halogens

Front 73

An ion with an overall negative charge

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Anion