Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
intra bonding
|
strong bonds, 2 types
-ionic bonding -covalent bonding |
|
|
ionic bonding
|
very strong
intra bonding between metal and nonmetal strong electrostatic force between charged atoms |
|
|
covalent bonding
|
weak
intra bonding between nonmetals sharing of electrons |
|
|
inter bonding
|
weak bonds, 3 types
-dipole dipole -hydrogen bonding -london dispersion |
|
|
diopole-dipole bonding
|
inter bonding
polar molecules, between different nonmetals |
|
|
hydrogen bonding
|
inter bonding
hydrogen attached to N, O, or F |
|
|
london dispersion
|
inter bonding
non-polar molecules, between same nonmetals |
|
|
nonpolar covalent bonding
|
electrons are shared equally by the nucleus
atoms want to achieve stable outer shell configuration same nonmetals |
|
|
polar covalent bond
|
unequal sharing of electrons
one atom has a higher affinity for electrons than the other atom with higher affinity is partially positive and the other is partially negative between two different nonmetals |
|
|
electronegativity
|
the relative ability of an atom within a covalent bond to attract shared electrons to itself
--> + l v - |
|
|
dipole moment
|
only happens in polar bonds
when a partial - and a partial + are formed because of the unequal sharing of electrons arrow points to negative end with the positive tail on the positive end. |
|
|
why is the fact that water is polar crucial to life
|
because water molecules can surround and attract positive ions by there - end and - ions by their positive ends. these attractions allow ionic materils to dissolve in water. also polar water molecules are strongly attracted to each other which gives them a high biling point. therefore, it is the polarity of the water molecule that causes water to remain a liquid at the temperature on the earth's surface. if it were non polar, water would be a gas and the oceans would be empty.
|
|
|
lewis structures
|
shorthand to represent the valence electrons of an atom
only with covalent bond molecules |
|
|
steps of drawing a lewis structure
|
1. count total valence electrons (look at group number)
2. for a single bond between central and outer 3. give outer atoms an octet, except H which only needs 2 4. make sure central atom has at least an octet -C, O, and N don't exceed 8 -B does not need 8 -if you run out of electrons and the central atom does not have an octet, begin forming multiple bonds |
|
|
resonance structures
|
multiple ways to draw a lewis structure
|
|
|
VSEPR theory
|
valence shell electron pair repulsion theory
|
|
|
VSEPR model
|
used to predict the molecular structures of the molecules formed from nonmetals
|
|
|
2-0
|
linear
180 |
|
|
3-0
|
trigonal planar
120 |
|
|
4-0
|
tetrahedral
~109 |
|
|
5-0
|
trigonal bipyramid
120 & 90 |
|
|
6-0
|
octahedral
no bond angle |
|
|
3-1
|
pyramidal
107 |
|
|
2-2
|
bent or v-shaped
104 |
|
|
3-2
|
t-shaped
90 |
|
|
dipole-dipole interactions
|
when molecules with dipole moments (polar molecules) can attract each other by lining up so the positive and negative ends of the molecules attract one another
works best in the liquid state polar |
|
|
hydrogen bonding
|
when N, F or O bonds with H
gives substances containing h-bonds really high boiling points substances containing h-bonds are more viscious very strong bond polar |
|
|
london dispersion forces
|
non polar
noble gases all HOFBrINCl's |
|
|
kinetic molecular theory of gases
|
1. gas consists of tiny particles made up of atoms or molecules
2. the particles are so small they are considered negligible 3. particles are in constant motion, colliding with the container which creates pressure 4. particles do not attract or repel each other 5. kinetic energy is directly related to the temperature in Kelvin |
|
|
rate of effusion equation
|
1
rate of effusion =------------ square root molar mass |
|
|
rate of diffusion equation
|
rate A square root molar mass B
----- = -------------------- rate B square root molar mass A |
