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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a pure substance?
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a substance with only one type of element or compound.
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what is an element?
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an element consists of only one type of atom.
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what is a compound?
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a compound contains from two or more different atoms, chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.
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what is a mixture?
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two or more substances, not chemically joined together, which can be separated by physical means.
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what is physical means?
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things like changing the temapature or dissolving part of the mixture in a solvent. they are things that dont involve chemical reactions
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what does soluble mean? give an example of both soluble and insoluble
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a substance that dissolves in a solvent. salt is soluble, sand is not.
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what is a filtrate?
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the liquid that passes through the filter.
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what is the residue?
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the solid that remains on the filter.
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waht is a solution?
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
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what does homogenous mean?
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homogenous is a uniform composition.
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what is a solute?
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the substane that is less abundant, or has less.
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what is a solvent?
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the substanced that is more abundant, or has more.
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what are the solute and solvent usually in?
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solute can be in a solid, liquid or gas, but a solvent is usually in a liquid.
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if the solvent is water then what is the solution and what is the given symbol for this?
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the solution is aqueous and the state symbol is aq.
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what is a suspension?
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a hetergenous mixture of a liquid and a solid.
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what does heterogenous mean?
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non-uniform composition
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what is an example of heterogenous and one of homogenous?
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sand in water is heterogenous, salt in water in hoomogenous.
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what is solubility of a substance?
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the amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of a solvent, to give a saturated solution, at a given temperature.
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what is a saturated solution?
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a solution which comtains the maximum amount of solute dissolved in the solvent for a given temperature.
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when are two liquids miscible? give an example.
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if they can be mixed, in any proportion, to give a homogenous solution. ethanol and water.
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when are two liquids immiscible? give an example.
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if they don't dissolve in each other and form a heterogenous mixture. oil and water.
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what is distillation used for?
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separation a liquid from a solution.
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what does vapourising mean?
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when a solution is heated untill the liquid turns to a gas.
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where does the vapour pass through and what does it do?
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it passes through the liebig condenser and cools and condenses back into a liquid.
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what is the distillate?
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a pure liquid that is collected after the distillation.
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what is fractional distillation used for?
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separating mixtures of two or more liquids, which need different boiling points.
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what surface area does a fractional column have? and what does this cause?
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a high surface area. this causes a temperature gradient so the liquids condence at different paces in the column.
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what is a temperature gradient?
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hot at the bottom, cool at the top.
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what is chromotography used for?
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spearating mixtures of substances into their components.
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how do we find out rf (of chromotography)?
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distance moved by dissolved substance (solut) divided by the distance moved by solvent.
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