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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a solution?
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Mixture of 2 or more substances where each substance retains its own chemical identity.
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What is a solvent?
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The Main component of the solution. eg Water is the main component in a salt/water solution.
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What is a solute?
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The smaller component in a solution. eg Salt in a salt/water solution.
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How do water molecules arrange themselves in the formation of a solution?
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The hydrogen atoms of water (H2O)are positively charged and are attracted to the negative charged ions.
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What is a buffer
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Is an aqueous solution (aq) containing substances that prevent major changes in the solution's pH when either acids or bases are added.
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We use a buffer to...
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maintain an optimum pH
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Buffers contain how many active chemical species?
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2
A substance to react with and remove the added base. A substance to react with and remove the added acid. |
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A pH of 7 is?
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Neutral
eg. water |
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A pH of 1
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Battery Acid
Increased Acidity |
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Stomach Acid has a pH of?
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pH 2
Acidity |
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Saltwater has a pH of?
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pH 9
Increased Alkalinity |
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A base dissolved in water is called an?
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Alkaline solution.
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Neutralisation is the process
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of an acid & base mix and produce salt and water
Acid + Base = salt(aq) & water |
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Bronsted -Lowry acid
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is a substance that can donate a proton
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A proton is an
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H+cation
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Remove reactants
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Reaction shifts to left
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Remove Product
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Reaction shifts to right
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Increase in temperature
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reaction shifts to the left
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Decrease in temperature
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reaction shifts to the right
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More Hydrogen atoms the ph is?
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More acidic
Lower number |
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Less Hydrogen atoms the ph is?
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More akaline
Higher number |
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pH values are from 0 to?
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14
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Acidic pH is lower than?
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7
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Alkaline is higher than
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7
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Exothermic reaction produces
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Heat (E)
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E
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Energy
ie heat |
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What is a strong electrolyte?
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A substance that completely ionises/dissociates into ions in an aqueous solution
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What is a weak electrolyte?
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A substance tht does not completly ionise/dissociate in an aqueous solution.
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How many substances are in a solution that retains its own chemical identity?
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Homogeneous mixture of two more substances
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Polar solutes dissolve in
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Polar solvents
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What kind of solvent is water?
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Water is a polar solvent
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Salts readily dissolve in water due to their
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Ionic nature
They are positively or negatively charges |
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Water is polar/oil is?
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Non polar
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Water molecules are polar molecules & comprised of how many hydrogen atoms?
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Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and a single oxygen atom
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Arrhenius acid produces?
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Hydrogen cations (H+)
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Acid is a proton donator.
Base is a ? |
Proton acceptor
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An acid & base produce salt and water when mixed together. This process is called?
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Neutralisation
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The concentration of hydronium cations determines?
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The pH of a solution
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If a solution has more hydronium cations than hydroxylan ions, the solution is?
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Acidic
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pH of 7 is?
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Neutral
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pH values greater than 7 are?
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Basic
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pH values less than 7 are ?
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Acidic
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The closer the pH value to 7
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the weaker the acid or base.
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Buffers prevent
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rapid change in pH
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The solute dissolves in the?
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Solvent
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A solution is made of of a solvent and a?
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Solute
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The solubility of solutes in solvents depends on?
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Temperature
Pressure Concentration Polarity |
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The law of conservation of matter is?
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Matter is neither lost or gained, in a chemical reaction, it simply changes form.
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Effective collission of molecules depends on?
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Orientation of molecules
Activation energy (EA) |
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The energy of a collission depends on ?
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Speed & approach
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Exothermic Reaction
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Energy is released out
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Endothermic reaction
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Absorbs heat
Molecules move faster & bang into each other & break thier bonds. Atoms will re arrange and energy will release into the end product |
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The lower EA (activation energy)
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The faster the reaction
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The higher the EZ (activation energy)
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The slower the reaction
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A catalyst
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Lowers the reaction energy (EA)
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Enzymes act as catalysts for
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biochemical reactions
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Adding reactants shifts the reaction to the
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Right
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Removing reactants shifts reaction to the
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Left
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Remove the product the reaction shifts to the
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Righ
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Exothermic reactions produce
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heat
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increased temperature =
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more reactants
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Acid + Base ->
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Salt of acid + H2O
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More Hydrogen
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More Acid / Lower pH value
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Less Hydrogen
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Less Acid -> Alkaline
Higher pH value |
