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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Organic Chemistry? |
The study of compounds that contain carbon.
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What is tetravalence?
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An atom, commonly carbon, with four valence electrons.
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What is a function group?
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The components of organic molecules most common in chem. reactions.
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What is the Hydroxyl group?
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Is OH, single bond, found on end of molecule, in all alcohols.
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What is the Carbonyl group?
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Is CO, double bond, keytones are in middle of molecule(o in middle), Aldehyde on end.
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What is the Carboxyl group?
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COOH, double bond CO/ single bond OH, in acids on end
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What is the Amino group?
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NH(2), also called amine
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What 2 groups do Amino Acids have?
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Amine group and carboxyl group.
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What is unique about the phosphate group?
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It is the only one with phosphate.
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What is the methyl group?
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CH(3), often found in DNA.
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What is a macromolecule?
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Large molecules with subunits.
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What is a monomer?
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A single subunit of a macromolecule. Is the building block.
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What is a polymer?
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Many subunits(monomers) hooked together.
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What happens in dehydration synthesis?
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It creates covalent bonds by removing water.
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What is hydrolysis?
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It breaks down molecules by adding water. Also can be called condensation.
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What is monosaccharide?
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It is the simplest sugar such as glucose.
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What is the ratio of the elements in a carb?
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C=1
H=2 O=1 example...C(6)H(12)O(6) |
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What elements are in a lipid?
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Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen...(CHO)
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What is unique about a phospholipid?
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It contains phosphorous in addition to CHO.
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How many Amino Acids must a protein have(at least)?
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It must have at least 3 to be called a protein.
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What is the shape of the secondary level of a protein?
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Can be a helix held with h-bonds(alpha) or a pleated sheet(beta).
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What is the tertiary shape of a protein?
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Has secondary, but much larger and have disulfide(2 sulfur) bridges to create a globular protein.
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What does CHOPKINS stand for?
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iodine, Nitrogen, and Sulfur.
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What are the main elements of CHOPKINS?
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CHON(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen).
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What are the types of bonds?
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Ionic- stealing
Covalent- sharing Polar(water)- unequal sharing [Hydrogen= weak+ can break] |
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What is important about shape?
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A molecule's shape can change the way it can and will function.
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What is anabolism with?
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It is grouped with hydrolysis.
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What is catabolism with?
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It is grouped with dehydration synthesis.
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What group always has phosphorus?
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Nucleic Acids
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What group almost always has Sulfur?
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Proteins
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What is the most common element in a lipid?
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Hydrogen
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What are the 3 parts of a Nucleic Acid?
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Base, sugar, and phosphate group.
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Sugar base of RNA?
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Ribose
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Sugar base of DNA?
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Dioxyribose
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What is common about names of sugars?
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They often end in -ose.
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