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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypothesis v Theory |
Hypothesis is a prediction of a future result made by observations. Can be wrong. Theory is a conclusion that is well tested and is made by data and stats. |
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Dependent variables |
The outcome that depend on the experiment setup |
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Independent Variables |
Factor that the experiment manipulates |
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Control Group |
a group used as a standard of comparison for verifying the results of an experiment |
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Controlled Variable |
are variables that are constant and unchanged throughout the experiment |
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6 Most Common Elements in Life |
Sulfur Phosphorous Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen |
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Ionic bonds |
electrons are lost or gained between atoms Ex: plus one or minus two |
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Covalent Bonds |
electrons are shared between atoms Ex: plus one...minus one |
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Polarity |
is when a molecule has positive and negative ends |
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Cohesion |
a property dependent upon the strength of attractive forces between molecules of the same substance Ex: Water to Water |
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Adhesion |
a property dependent upon the strength of the attractive forces between the molecules of different substances Ex: Water to Glass |
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Hydrogen Bonding |
weak bond formed by a positively charged hydrogen atom and other negatively charged atoms |
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Universal Solvent |
a substance that dissolves most other substances Ex: Water |
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Why do we need to drink water? |
1. Within our cells, water allows molecules to interact in chemical reactions (part of metabolism) 2. Water acts as a solvent in our body, helping breakdown and transport material to our cells |
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pH Scale |
Indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
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pH Scale : Neutral |
1. Is at 7 2. The concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions are the same |
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pH Scale : Acid |
1. Below 7 2. Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution |
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pH Scale : Base |
1. Above 7 2. Any compounds that produces OH- ions in solution |
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pH Scale : Buffer |
A weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
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Why is carbon a fundamental building block of life? |
1. Carbon forms strong covalent bonds 2. Carbon bonds easily with Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen |
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Monomers |
1. Is a single molecule 2.Make up our cells and can be found in most of the foods we eat |
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Polymers |
Is a chain of monomers |
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Carbohydrates |
1. (Stored) Energy source for most organisms 2. Monosaccharide - subunit; simple sugar molecule (glucose, fructose) 3. Polysaccharide - chains of monosaccharide 4. Ex: Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose |
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Lipids |
1. Function as Long-term energy source 2. Fatty acid - subunit 3. Ex: Human Fat Cells |
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Proteins |
1. Structural Component 2. Amino acid – subunit; the building blocks of proteins join together to make polypeptides. 3. Ex: Hair |
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Nucleic Acids |
1. Sore genetic information 2. Make proteins 3. Nucleotide - subunit 4. Ex: DNA , RNA |
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Reactants |
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction |
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Products |
The leftovers after a chemical reaction has took place |
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Activation Energy |
Theamount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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Enzymes |
1. Complex proteins that lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction 2. Speed up reactions in a cell 3. Each one has it's own characteristic for specific reactions |
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Enzymes Work Conditions |
1. Temperature should be around 98 F 2. pH should be Neutral 3. Needs greater surface area |
