Chemistry Midterm Review

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

Study of composition, structure, properties & reactions of matter. Science that studies composition of substances & the way they interact with other substances. Matt

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

Things you can feel, touch, experience. Takes up space and has mass.

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Mass

Back 3

How much matter there is (grams, kilograms)

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Volume

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How much space the stuff takes up (gallon, liter, cm3)

Front 5

Scientific method

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Observation

Hypothesis

Experiment

Conclusion

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Observation

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What you see, what happens, what you record

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Base quantity- Fundamental Unit: length

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Meter

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Base quantity- Fundamental Unit: Mass

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Kilogram

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Base quantity: volume

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Liter

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Base quantity- Fundamental Unit: time

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Second

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Base quantity- Fundamental Unit: temperature

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Kelvin

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Addition/Subtraction Rule: SigFigs

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Use the least number of DECIMAL PLACES found in the data

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Multiplication/Division:SigFigs

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Same # of sig figs as entry with fewest sig figs

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Delivered Units: Area

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Length squared, m2

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Delivered Units: Volume

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Length cubed, m3, 1 liter (L)

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Delivered Units: Density

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Mass

—————-

Volume

Common unit:kg/m3

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Delivered Units: speed

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Distance/time

Common unit m/s

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Delivered Units: energy

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Joule (j)

Front 19

Conversions:

Celsius to Kelvin

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K=c• + 273.15

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Conversions:

Celsius to Kelvin

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K=c• + 273.15

Front 21

Conversions: Celsius to Fahrenheit

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•F= 9/5 •C + 32

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Conversion: Calorie:Joule

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1 calorie=4.184 J

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Conversion: kg-lb

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1kg=2.2 lb

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Conversion: kg-lb

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1kg=2.2 lb

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Conversion: meter to yard

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1 meter= 1.1 yard

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Conversion: Quart to Liter

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1 qt =0.9464L

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Synthesis reaction

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Two substances form a new substance

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Synthesis reaction

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Two substances form a new substance

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2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl

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Synthesis, Combination reaction

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Decomposition Reaction

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One substance yields two or more substances

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2HgO -> 2Hg+O2

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Decomposition Reaction

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Formula calc Density

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D=M/V

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Kilo

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10^3

1,0000

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Kilo

Back 34

10^3

1,0000

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Hecto

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10^2

100

Front 36

Kilo

Back 36

10^3

1,0000

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Hecto

Back 37

10^2

100

Front 38

Deka

Back 38

10^1

10

Front 39

Kilo

Back 39

10^3

1,0000

Front 40

Hecto

Back 40

10^2

100

Front 41

Deka

Back 41

10^1

10

Front 42

Deci

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10^-1

0.1

Front 43

Kilo

Back 43

10^3

1,0000

Front 44

Hecto

Back 44

10^2

100

Front 45

Deka

Back 45

10^1

10

Front 46

Deci

Back 46

10^-1

0.1

Front 47

Centi

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10^-2

0.01

Front 48

Kilo

Back 48

10^3

1,0000

Front 49

Hecto

Back 49

10^2

100

Front 50

Deka

Back 50

10^1

10

Front 51

Deci

Back 51

10^-1

0.1

Front 52

Centi

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10^-2

0.01

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Milli

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10^-3

0.001

Front 54

King Henry Died Unexpectedly Drinking Chocolate Milk

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Kilo hecto deka unit base Deci Centi Milli

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Scientific notation values

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Negative means less than 1 multiply by decimal points to the right or left

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For an experiment to be valid, you must have what two groups?

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Control and experimental

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The standard unit for length is

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Meter

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The standard unit for length is

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Meter

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Volume of a cylinder!

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Back (Definition)

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Which event occurs first in the scientific method?

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Make an observation

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Determine the number of significant figures in 10.050 mL

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5

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Which of the following is a prefix that makes the base unit larger?

Kilo-

Deci-

Milli-

Centi-

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Kilo

Front 63

Round 0.03559 to 3 sig figs

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0.0356

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4,503,000,000 in scientific notation

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4.503 x 10^9

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The SI unit for mass is

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Kilogram

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95200/85.258 w/ correct sig figs

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1120

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A student is using a ruler that measures to the ones place. To what place will the student’s measurement be recorded?

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Tenths place-

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Law of conservation of matter

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Mass is neither created or destroyed during physical or chemical changes. Same is true for matter.

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Which of the following is a prefix that makes the unit smaller?

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Deci/Centi/Milli/

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What is the unit used for luminous intensity?

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Candela

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How many calories are in 349J

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1cal=4.184 J 349jX 1cal/4.184J=83.4 cal

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Pure substances include

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Elements & compounds

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Homogeneous mixture

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Same throughout eyedrops, etc

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Homogeneous mixture

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Same throughout eyedrops, etc

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Heterogeneous mixture

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Sand, pizza, rocky road ice cream, wood

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Convert 75F to C

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K=C +273

F=1.8(c) +32

24C

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Convert 75F to C

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K=C +273

F=1.8(c) +32

24C

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Kinetic energy

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Is carried by objects in motion

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Convert 75F to C

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K=C +273

F=1.8(c) +32

24C

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Kinetic energy

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Is carried by objects in motion

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Chemical energy

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Idk

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Sodium chloride

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Compound

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Sodium chloride

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Compound

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Ammonia

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Compound

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Molecules in this state of matter completely fill the container they’re in.

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Gas

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Chemical change

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Fundamental co position of the substance is changed

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Chemical change

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Fundamental co position of the substance is changed fire burns the wick, chemical co2 & h2o released into the air

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Physical change

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Physical change, not chemical substance retains original composition wax melts candle, physical change.

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Change in state

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Melting, freezing, subliming

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What does the mass number represent?

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Total # of neutrons and protons

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Atomic number

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Number of protons

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Mass number

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Number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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Isotopes

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Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different # of neutrons

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Calculate atomic mass of an element using isotopes

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Multiply mass of each isotope by its percent abundance

Add results to give weighted average atomic mass of element

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Periods

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Horizontal rows

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How many periods are on the periodic table

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7

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Groups

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Vertical columns

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Tall groups

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Representative elements

Main group elements

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B groups

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Transition metals

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Metalloids

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Make a stair step line

Exhibit properties of metals and non metals

Better conductors of heat and electricity than non metals

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Nonmetals

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No luster

Not ductile

Not malleable

Not good conductors of electricity

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Properties of Metals

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Luster (shininess)

Ductile

Malleable

All but Mercury are solid at room temp

Good conductor of electricity

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Valence electrons

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Electrons in the outermost energy level of the atom

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Valence electrons in groups

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Group 1A-1 valence electron

2A- 2 valence electrons

3A- 3 valence electrons