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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Law of Definite Proportions
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the law that states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions
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Electron
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a subatomic particle that has a NEGATIVE charge
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Proton
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a ubatomic particle that has a positive charge
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Nucleus
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an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and electrons
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass
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the mass of an atom
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isotope
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an atom that has the same atomic number as other atoms of the same element, but has a different number of neutrons
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orbital
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the region of an atom where electrons are found
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ground state
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the lowest energy state an atom can possibly have
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excited state
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when an atom has more energy than it does in its ground state
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Aufbau principle
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the principle that states that atomic structure is obtained by adding one proton and one electron to an atom
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Avogrado's number
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6.02 × 10(to the)23
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electron configuration
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the number of electrons which occupy the orbtals of an atom
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mole
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an SI base unit used when finding molar mass
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molar mass
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the mass of grams per mole of a substance
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neutron
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a subatomic particle that has a neutral charge
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main group elements
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Group 1 (alkali metals) Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) Groups 13-16, Group 17 (halogens) and group 18 (noble gases)
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alkali metals
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*Group 1 on the periodic table
*they react with water to make alkaline solutions |
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alkaline-earth metals
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*Group 2 elements
*They are highly reactive and usually found as compounds rather than as pure elements |
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halogens
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*Group 17 elements
* most highly reactive non-metal elements because they have 7 valence electrons |
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noble gases
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*Group 18 elements
*not reactive because they have 8 valence electrons |
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transition metals
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*Groups 3-12
*good conductors of heat and electricity |
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lanthanides
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shiny metals on the periodic table similar in reactivity to alkline-earth metals. make up the F-block along with actinides
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actinides
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make up the F-block along with lanthanides. All actinides are radioactive
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F-block
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the two bottom rows of the periodic table (actinides and lanthinides)
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ionization energy
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the energy supplied to remove an electron
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electron shielding
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when the inner electrons shield outer electrons from the full attractive force of a nucleus.
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bond radius
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the half distance from center to center of two bonded atoms
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electronegativity
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a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
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electron affinity
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the energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron
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