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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are atoms? |
Atoms are considered to be the building blocks of matter (stuff). |
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What are the 3 particles that atoms are made up of? And what are their charges? |
Protons = + Neutrons = neutral Electrons = - |
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What are elements? |
Elements are substances consisting of atoms that are all the same. When we talk about the element Carbon (C) we are talking about a substance made up of carbon atoms. |
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How many electrons can the 1st, 2nd and 3rd electron shells hold respectively? |
1st = 2 2nd = 8 3rd = 8 |
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What is the outermost electron shell called? |
Valence shell |
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Atoms are neutral in overall charge. True or False? |
True. Atoms are neutral in overall charge because they have to same amount of protons (+) and electrons (-) which balance the charge out. |
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What is an ion? |
An ion is an electrically charged atom. |
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Hoe is an ion formed? |
An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains electrons during a chemical reaction for the purpose of gaining a full valence shell. |
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Do metals form positive ion or negative ions? |
Positive ions |
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Do non-metals form positive or negative ions? |
Negative ions |
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What are the two types of ions called? |
Monatomic ions Polyatomic ions |
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What is a polyatomic ion? |
'poly' means many - polyatomic means 'ions made of many atoms'. Polyatomic ions are usually named using the suffix 'ate'. |
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What are monatomic ions? |
'mono' means one - monatomic means 'ions made of only one atom'. Negative monatomic ions are usually named using the suffix 'ide'. |
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What is a cation? |
A positive ion, usually a metal atom that has lost one or more electrons. It has a positive charge due to the excess number of protons in the nucleus, compared to the number of electrons remaining. |
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What is an anion? |
A negative ion, usually a non-metal atom that has gained one or more electrons. It has gained a negative charge as there are more electrons than protons in the ion. |
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What is an ionic compound? |
When a cation bonds with an anion, the resulting compound is called an ionic compound. Therefore, when a metal bonds with a non-metal an ionic compound will form. |
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How are the ions within an ionic compound arranged? |
The ions within an ionic compound are arranged in a 3-dimensional 'lattice'. This means that each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and, in turn, each negative ion is surrounded by positive ions. |
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What is an ionic bond? |
An ionic bond is the bond between a cation and an anion.
The term 'ionic bond' describes the force of attraction that holds ions together in an ionic substance. These bonds arise because of the strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions. |
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What is the particle theory? |
Particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, ions or molecules) and these particles are constantly in motion. Temperature affects the speed of the particles (when the temperature increases the speed at which the particles move will increase as well). |
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What is the collision theory? |
In order for a chemical reaction to occur, two or more reactant particles must collide with sufficient force (energy) and at the correct orientation. |
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What is the 'activation energy'? |
The minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed. |
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What at the 4 factors that affect the rate of a reaction? |
Temperature Concentration Surface area Catalysts |
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What is the formula for Hydrochloric Acid? |
HCl |
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What is the formula for Nitric Acid? |
HNO3 |
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What is the formula for sulfuric acid? |
H2SO4 |
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What is an acid? |
Acids are substances composed of one or more hydrogen atoms chemically bonded to one, or a group of non-metal atoms. |
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What is a base? |
Bases can be described as 'acid opposites'. They will remove hydrogen ions from a solution. They are usually metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. |
