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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dalton's Atomic Theory |
1. Elements are made of atoms 2. All atoms of a given element are identical (later disproved) 3. Atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element 4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms. 5. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions |
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Compound |
a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements always containing exactly the same relative masses of those elements |
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Law of constant composition |
a given compound always contains the same proportions of the elements |
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J.J. Thomson |
discovered electrons using an electric field |
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William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) |
created the plum pudding model positive and negative particles evenly mixed in an atom |
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Ernest Rutherford |
Discovered the nucleus through alpha particle experiment and also discovered the proton as part of the nucleus |
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James Chadwick |
discovered the neutron |
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isotopes |
atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons |
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Dmitri Mendeleev |
First to organize the periodic table |
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group (on periodic table) |
elements with similar chemical properties lying in the same vertical column on periodic table |
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alkali metals |
group 1 of periodic table |
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alkaline earth metals |
group 2 of periodic table |
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halogens |
group 7 of periodic table |
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noble gases |
group 8 of periodic table |
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transition metals |
collection of metals in the middle of the table |
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properties of metals |
1. conductor of heat and electricity 2. malleable 3. ductile 4. shiny (lustrous) |
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nonmetals |
elements in top right of table |
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metalloids (list them) |
silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium |
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liquid nonmetal (there is only one) |
bromine (what type of element is it?) |
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Solid nonmetals (3) |
1. carbon 2. phosphorus 3. sulfur (what type of elements are these?) |
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noble metals |
gold silver platinum (what type of elements are these?) |
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diatomic molecules (what are they and list them) |
elements that occur naturally in pairs 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon 3. Fluorine 4. Nitrogen 5. Chlorine 6. Bromine 7. Iodine |
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4 elements liquid in elemental forms at 30 degrees celsius |
bromine (liquid at 25) mercury (liquid metal at 25) gallium (liquid metal at 30) cesium (liquid metal at 30) |
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cation |
positively charged ion |
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anion |
negatively charged ion |
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reason why something can conduct electricity |
electrons are free to move through the wire |
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chemical compound rules
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1. both positive and negative ions are present 2. The net charge must be zero |
