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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the atomic number indicate?
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The atomic number indicates the total number of protons, which also equals the total number of electrons in a neutral atom.
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What does the mass number indicate?
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The mass number is the number of neutrons + number of protons, or atomic number + number of neutrons.
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What are isotopes?
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Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
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What do the rows in the periodic table indicate?
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Periods.
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What does the columns indicate in the periodic table?
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Groups.
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Where are the metals located on the periodic table?
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Most 2 left side.
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Where are the non-metals located on the periodic table?
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Most right side (Starting at B) not the last 2 on the right side though.
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What is the pattern of the atomic radius?
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Atomic radii increase on the periodic table as you move down and to the left. (Cations are always smaller than the neutral atoms of the same element)
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What is ionization energy?
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Ionization energy is the energy that is needed to remove an electron from an atom. (Ionization energy increases on the periodic table as you move up and to the right.)
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What is electronegativity?
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Electronegativity is the measure of the ability of an atom to acquire an additional electron. (Electronegativity increases as you move up and to the right.)
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What is electron affinity?
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Electron affinity is the energy required to add an electron to an atom. (F has the highest) (Electron affinity increases on the periodic table as you move up and to the right.)
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What is the pattern for melting and boiling points?
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They tend to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group for metals and the opposite for the group of nonmetals.
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What is the law of constant composition?
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The elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same.
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What is Avogadro's number?
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6.02 x 10^23.
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What is avogadro's number equal to?
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1 mole.
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What is 1 mole equal to?
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Avogadro's number.
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What are the 4 different types of reactions?
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Combination, decomposition, single-replacement, and double-replacement.
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What are combination reactions?
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Combination reactions involve the formation of one product by two or more substrates. These reactions are also called synthesis reactions. If the heat of formation is negative, the reaction proceeds spontaneously and is exothermic.
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What are decomposition reactions?
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Decomposition reactions involve the formation of two or more products by one substrate. A very high positive value for the heat of formation indicates that the reaction will decompose explosively.
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What are single-replacement reactions?
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Single-replacement reactions occur when a single element reacts with a compound to produce a different element and a new compound.
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What are combustion reactions?
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Combustion reactions start by combining an organic (carbon-containing) substance with oxygen and then continue to form carbon dioxide and water.
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What are oxidation-reduction reactions? (Half-reactions)
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Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons by a compound or an ion. If the electrons are on the right side, an oxidation reaction has occurred, if the electrons are on the left side, a reduction reaction has occurred.
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What is a neutralization reaction?
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This is a form of double-replacement reaction using an acid and a base to form salt and water.
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What are the sequence steps of calculating balanced equations?
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Grams of reactant -> Moles of reactant -> Moles of product -> Grams of product
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