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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define "energy"
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Energy is the capacity to do work.
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Define "work"
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Work is force acting across a distance.
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Define "heat"
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Heat is the flow of energy caused by a temperature difference.
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Define "kinetic energy"
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Energy due to motion.
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Define "potential energy"
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Energy due to position or composition.
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Define "thermal energy"
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A type of kinetic energy. This energy is associated with temperature. I.E: the greater the temperature, the more movement in the molecules; therefore the greater the KE.
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Define "chemical energy"
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A type of potential energy. This energy is associated with positions of electrons and nuclei.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
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Describe the relationship between the energy of a system and surroundings. Why?
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Law of Conservation of Energy. The change in energy of a system equals the change in energy of the surroundings. A negative sign is placed before the surroundings.
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When referring to thermochemistry calculations, what are the SI units of: a) mass b) velocity c) energy
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a) kilograms kg
b) meter/second m/s c) Joules (kg*m^2/s^2) |
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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The total energy of the universe is constant.
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Formula for kinetic energy (general)
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KE = (1/2)mv^2
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Define "Internal Energy"
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IE = the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles that compose the system.
*state function* |
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Formula for the change in internal energy in a system from a chemical reaction.
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Change in IE = Eproducts - Ereactants
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Formula for the change in internal energy in a system using heat and work.
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Change in IE = q + w
q = heat w = work |
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Define "heat capacity"
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The quantity of heat required to change it's temperature 1 degree Celsius.
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Formula for heat (q) using heat capacity.
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q = heat capacity (C) x change in temperature (celsius)
*can be rearranged to solve for heat capacity* |
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Formula for heat (q) using specific heat capacity.
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q = mass (grams) x specific heat capacity (from table) x change in temperature.
q = m x Cspecific x delta T |
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Formula for work regarding pressure and volume.
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w = - P x change in volume
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