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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do all the atoms of an element have in common?
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1. Same number of protons
2. Same "type" of atom |
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What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
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That mass is conserved in a chemical reaction
(Lavoisier, 1790) |
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What does the Law of Constant Composition (or, definite proportions) state?
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That compounds are formed from elements in definite mass ratios
(Proust, 1799) |
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Atoms are the ____ pieces of _______.
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Atoms are the smallest pieces of matter.
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Atoms of an element all have the same ____ of _____.
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Atoms of an element all have the same number of protons.
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Atoms of different elements have different _____ of ______.
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Atoms of different elements have different amounts of protons.
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Atoms combine in simple ____ ____ ratios to form ______.
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Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.
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Atoms only ______ in a chemical reaction, they are not created or destroyed.
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Atoms only rearrange in a chemical reaction, ....
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In Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment, why did most alpha-particles go through?
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Since atoms are mostly empty space, they had room to go through.
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Why did the positively-charged alpha-particles deflect sometimes?
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Because the atoms hit the dense, positive center.
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What are some characteristics of the nucleus?
(size, content) |
about 10^-13 cm in diameter, about 1 femtometer
It has protons and neutrons. |
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What are some characteristics of protons?
(mass, charge) |
It has a mass of about 1 u (or atom mass)
It has a positive (1+) charge. |
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What are some characteristics of neutrons?
(mass, charge) |
It has a mass of about 1 u, a little more than a proton.
It has a neutral charge (0, or if you want to use Dr. Musser's null set, ∅) |
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What are some characteristics of the outer atom?
(size, contents) |
about 10^-6 cm in diameter
Has electrons. |
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What are some characteristics of electrons?
(mass, charge) |
It has a mass of about 1/1837 of a u. Essentially negligible.
It has a negative (1-) charge. |
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In terms of the atom, what determines the chemical behavior of that atom?
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The number and arrangement of the electrons.
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What is an isotope?
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Atoms of an element that differ in the number of electrons.
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In the famous A-Z notation for an element, what do A and Z stand for?
What does A - Z give? |
A stands for the mass number, which is the number of protons plus electrons, (the isotope number).
Z stands for the number of protons, or atomic number, which determines the element. A- Z yields the number of neutrons in atom. |
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In the notation, H-3, how many protons and neutrons are there?
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1 proton, two neutrons.
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How is the atomic mass calculated?
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It is the weighted average of the all the naturally occurring isotopes
Simply multiply a given isotope by its respective percent of abundance, and do this for all isotopes. Then add all the results together, and voila. |
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How did Менделе́ев contribute to the periodic table?
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List elements from smallest to largest atomic mass.
Split the elements every time the properties cycled and stacked each cycle. |
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The elements on the Periodic Table are listed by their _____ ______.
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The elements on the Periodic table are listed by their atomic number.
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Why is each period arranged the way it is? (placement, number of elements)
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Because periods are arranged by the electron configuration.
(First period has two, because the first shell holds two electrons, etc.) |
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What are the names for the following groups?
1 not H, 2, 17, 18 |
Group 1: Alkali metals
2: Alkaline Earths 17: Halogens 18: Noble Gases |
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Know where the Areas are:
Main Group, Inner Transition Metals (Lanthanides/Actinides), and Transition Metals |
Woot.
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Know where these are and how they differ: Metals, Metalloids, and Non-metals
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yeah, broski.
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What are the Diatomic 7?
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H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
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What is an allotrope?
Examples? |
An allotrope is a different form of an element
Carbon, with graphite, diamonds, and "fullerenes" Oxygen, with 0sub2, and 0sub3 (ozone) |
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What is an ion, cation, and anion?
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An ion is an atom with a different amount of electrons than protons.
A cation is a positively-charged atom (has less electrons than protons) An anion is the opposite. |
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What are some properties of Ionic Compounds (salts)
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1. Solids (high melting points)
2. Electrolytes: salts dissociate in water to form ions/electrolytes 3. Net charge must be zero. |
