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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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giga
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10^9
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mega
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10^6
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kilo
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10^3
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deci
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10^-1
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centi
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10^-2
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milli
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10^-3
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micro
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10^-6
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nano
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10^-9
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pico
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10^-12
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femto
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10^-13
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Sig Fig Rules
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1. all nonzero are sig
2. zeroes BETWEEN two sigs are sig (.308) 3.zeroes at the beginning are never sig 4. zeroes are end are sig if decimal is there |
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When addition/subtraction occurs...round
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to the LEAST significant decimal place
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When multiplication/division...
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round to the number of digits that corresponds to the LEAST SIGNIFCANT in ANY of the numbers used for calculation
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accuracy
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proximity of a measurement to true value of a quantity
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precision
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proximity of several measurements to each other
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H
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Hydrogen
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He
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Helium
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Li
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lithium
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Be
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Beryllium
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B
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Boron
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C
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carbon
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N
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nitrogen
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O
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oxygen
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F
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fluorine
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Ne
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neon
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Na
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sodium
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Mg
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magnesium
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Al
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aluminum
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Si
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silicon
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P
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phosphorus
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S
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sulfur
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Cl
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chorline
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Ar
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argon
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K
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potassium
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Ca
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calcium
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Sc
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scandium
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Ti
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Titanium
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V
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vanadium
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Cr
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chromium
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Mn
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manganese
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Fe
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Iron
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Co
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cobalt
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Ni
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nickel
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Cu
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copper
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Zn
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zinc
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Ga
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gallium
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Ge
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germanium
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As
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arsenic
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Se
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selenium
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Br
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bromine
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Ba
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barium
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Ag
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silver
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+1 charge elements
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H+,Na+, Li+, K+, Cs+, Ag+
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+2 charge elements
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Mg, Ca,Sr, Ba,Zn, Cd
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NH4+
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ammonium ion, 1+ charge
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Cu+, Cu2+
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copper (I), cuprous iron, cupric iron
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Co2+
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cobalt (ii)
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Fe2+
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iron (ii), ferrous iron
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Mn2+
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manganese (ii) ion
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Hg2+
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mercury (ii)
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Ni2+
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nickel (ii)
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Pb2+
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lead (ii)
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Sn2+
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tin (ii)
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Cr3+
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chromium (iii)
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Fe3+
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iron (iii)
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CO3 2-
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carbonate, 2- charge
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NO3 1-
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nitrate,1- charge
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PO4 3-
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phosphate
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SO4 2-
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sulfate
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ClO4 -
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perchlorate ion
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CH3COO-
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acetate ion, 1- charge
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law of multiple proportions
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if two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with the mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers
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law of conservation of mass
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total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass present before the reaction
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angstrom
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10^-10 m, measures diameter/radius of atom
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natural diatomic molecules
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H2, N2, F2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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molecular compound
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compounds that contain more than one mole, usually nonmetallic
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structural formula
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shows which atoms are attached to which within a molecule
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cation/anion
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positive charge/negative charge ion,
metals tend to lose e- and become cations, nonmetals ten to gain e- to become anions |
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ionic compound
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contains both positive and negative ions, usually metals and nonmetals
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pure substance =
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mixture/compound
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The law of constant composition, also called the law of definite proportions
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. states that the elemental composition is always the same
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physical properties
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conductivity, melting point, boiling point, density, good conductor
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chemical properties
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bruns in air, reacts with a chemical
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HCl
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hydrochloric acid
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HBr
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hydrobromic acid
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HI
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hydroiodic acid
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HClO
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hypochlorus acid
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HClO2
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chlorous acid
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HClO3
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chloric acid
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HClO4
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perchloric acid
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How to name acids:
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-Anion - ide (ic) + H = hydro+____+ic
-anion: ate - _______ ic acid anion: ite -________ous acid |
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nona
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9 for molecular naming
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deca
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ten
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hepta
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seven
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octa
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eight
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tetra
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four
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How to name binary compounds:
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1. use less electronegative one first, use prefix
2. more electronegative changes to -ide |
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permanganate
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MnO4
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hydrocarbons
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only have hydrogen and carbon, called alkanes
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add -OH as a functional group to hydrocarbon
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alcohol
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