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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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barometer
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A device used to measure atmospheric pressure. A tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish full of mercury. At sea level the mercury rises 760mm above the dish.
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manometer
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A device used to measure the pressure of a gas in an experiment. In a close-ended one the difference in column heights = gas pressure. In an open-ended one Pgas = Patm - difference in height.
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pascal
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SI unit for pressure; the force of one newton exerted on an area of one square meter.
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standard atmosphere (atm)
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101.325 kPa; 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa
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mmHg
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Based on measurement with a barometer or manometer. 1 torr; 1/760atm; 133.322 Pa; 101.325/760kPa
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bar
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1 x 10^2kPa; 1 x 10^5 Pa
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Boyle's Law
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At constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the applied (external) pressure. V is proportional to 1/P [T and n fixed].
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Charles's Law
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At constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature. V is proportional to T [P and n fixed].
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0K
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The temperature at which an ideal gas would have zero volume.
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pressure-temperature relationship
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At constant volume, the pressure exerted by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. P is proportional to T [V and n fixed].
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relationship between volume and amount
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At fixed temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by a gas is directly proportional to the amount (mol) of gas. V is proportional to n [P and T fixed].
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Avogadro's Law
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At fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles (or moles).
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standard temperature and pressure (STP)
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0 degrees Celsius (273.15K) and 1atm (760torr/mmHg)
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standard molar volume
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22.4L - At STP the volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas is the standard molar volume.
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universal gas constant
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The R in PV=nRT. R=PV/nT or 0.0821 atm x L / mol x K
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how we get one of the laws from the ideal gas law
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P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2, cancel out the constant variables
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how to find density using the ideal gas law
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m/V = d = MP/RT
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how to find mass or molar mass using the ideal gas law
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PV = m/M x RT
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ideal gas law
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PV = nRT; This law holds for virtually any gas, whether pure or a mixture, at ordinary conditions because gases mix homogeneously in any proportions and each gas in a mixture behaves as if it were the only gas present.
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Dalton's law of partial pressures
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Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3...
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