Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the formula for density?
|
Mass/volume
|
|
|
What is SI?
|
the international system of units
|
|
|
What is the formula for converting Celsius to kelvin?
|
K=C+273
|
|
|
What is the formula for converting kelvin to celsius?
|
C=K-273
|
|
|
What is an atom?
|
smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
|
|
|
Why must atoms combine in whole number ratios?
|
because you cannot have a fraction of an atom
|
|
|
Who discovered the electron?
|
JJ Thomson- he passed electric currents through gases at low pressure
|
|
|
What are the four points of Dalton's Atomic Theory?
|
-All elements are composed of atoms, atoms of the same element are identical, atoms of different elements can mix together in whole number ratios, chemical reactions occur when atoms are spearated, joined, or rearranged
|
|
|
Who discovered the proton?
|
E. Goldstein
|
|
|
Who discovered the neutron?
|
James Chadwick
|
|
|
Who discovered the nucleus of an atom?
|
Ernest Rutherford-he directed a narrow beam of alpha particles at a very thin sheet of gold
|
|
|
What is the structure of an atom?
|
Contains protons, neutrons, electrons, and a nucleus
|
|
|
What is the atomic number?
|
the # of protons
|
|
|
What is atomic mass?
|
the weighted average of the masses of the isoptops on an element
|
|
|
What are the similarities and differences of isotopes?
|
similarities-identical # of protons and neutrons
differences-mass # |
|
|
what is an isotope?
|
atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons
|
|
|
What is mass number?
|
# of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
|
|
|
What is the periodic law?
|
when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is periodic repetition of their physical and chemcial properties
|
|
|
which two scientists are credited with the development of the periodic table of the elements?
|
Dmitri Mendeleev and Henry Mosely
|
|
|
What property was originally used to order the elements?
|
increasing atomic mass-old
increasing atomic #-new |
|
|
What is a period?
|
horizontal rows of the period table
|
|
|
What is a family?
|
vertical columns of the periodic table
|
|
|
What is metal?
|
ductile and malleable-have a high electrical conductivity
|
|
|
What is a nonmetal?
|
poor electricity conductor-nonlustrous
|
|
|
What is a metalloid?
|
intermediate between metal and nonmetal
|
|
|
what is a representative element?
|
includes metals, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals
|
|
|
What are transition metals
|
group b elements
|
|
|
what are inner transition metals?
|
rare earth elements-solids
|
|
|
What are alkali metals?
|
Group 1A elements
|
|
|
What are alkaline earth metals?
|
group 2A elements
|
|
|
What are halogens?
|
group 7A elements
|
|
|
What are the 4 atomic models?
|
Thomson model-atom of a positive charge with electrons
Bohr-electrons travel in definite orbits around the nucleus quantum mechanical model-probability of finding electrons within certain regions of space rutherford-atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus |
|
|
What is the quantum mechanical model?
|
modern description of the behavior of electrons in atoms
|
|
|
what is an atomic orbital?
|
a region in space around the nucleus of an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron
|
|
|
what is an elctron configuration?
|
arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom in its ground state
|
|
|
What are the 3 rules that govern electron configurations?
|
aufbau-electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy 1st
pauli exclusion-an atomic orbital may describe at most 2 electrons hunds-when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins |
|
|
what is electromagnetic radiation?
|
inclues radio waves. microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, xrays, and gamma rays
|
|
|
what is the atomic emission spectrum?
|
the pattern of frequencies obtained by passing light emitted by atoms of an element in the gaseous state through a prism
|
|
|
what is periodicity
|
regular periodic variations of properties of elements with atomic number
|
|
|
what is a molecule?
|
smallest electrically neutral unit
|
|
|
what is cation?
|
any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
|
|
|
what is an anion?
|
any atom of group of atoms with a negative charge
|
|
|
What are ionic compounds usually formed with?
|
metal cation and a nonmetal anion
|
|
|
what are the seven diatomic elements?
|
hydroge, nitroge, fluorine. oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine
|
|
|
What do transition metals need if they have more than one common ionic charge?
|
roman numeral in parentheses following the cation's name
|
|
|
what are valence electrons?
|
electrons in the highest occupied level
|
|
|
What elements form cations and anions?
|
metals-cations
nonmetals-anions |
|
|
which particle is involved in bonding?
|
valence electrons
|
|
|
what is the octet rule?
|
in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas
|
|
|
what is an ionic bond?
|
the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together
|
|
|
The overall charge of any ionic compound is?
|
neutral
|
|
|
What is a coordination number?
|
number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal
|
|
|
What is a metallic bond?
|
attraction of freefloating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ion
|
|
|
what is an alloy?
|
mixtures composed of 2 or more elements, 1 at least a metal
|
|
|
What are hybrid orbitals?
|
s and p orbitals mix to produce new orbitals
|
|
|
what is covalent bonding?
|
atoms sharing electrons
|
|
|
what is bond dissociation energy?
|
amount of energy requred to break a covalent bond between atoms
|
|
|
what is a coordinate covalent bond?
|
a covalent bond formed when one atom contributes both bonding electrons
|
|
|
what is hydrogen bonding
|
a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom that is weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair
|
|
|
what is a sigma bond?
|
2 atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical along the axis connecting 2 atomic nuclei
|
|
|
what is a pi bond?
|
sausage shaped regions above and below the bond axis
|
|
|
what diatomic molecule contains a triple bond?
|
nitrogen
|
|
|
what diatomic molecule contains a double bond?
|
oxygen
|
|
|
what diatomic molecule does not obey the octet rule?
|
hydrogen
|
|
|
what is diamagnetic
|
All electrons are paired
|
|
|
what is paramagnetic?
|
strong attraction to an external magnetic field
|
|
|
what is the shape and bond of a water molecule?
|
linear and 180
|
|
|
what is the shape and bond angle of the ammonia molecule?
|
tetrahedral and 120
|
