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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accuracy
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the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a standard
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Actinide
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any of the series of fifteen metallic elements from actinium (atomic number 89) to lawrencium (atomic number 103) in the periodic table.
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Alkali Metals
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any of the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group IA (1) of the periodic table.
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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any of the elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, occupying Group IIA (2) of the periodic table.
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Aluminum
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the chemical element of atomic number 13, a light silvery-gray metal.
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Angular Momentum
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the quantity of rotation of a body, which is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity.
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Quantum Number
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a number that occurs in the theoretical expression for the value of some quantized property of a subatomic particle, atom, or molecule and can only have certain integral or half-integral values.
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Anion
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a negatively charged ion, one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
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Area
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a subject or range of activity or interest
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Atomic Mass
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the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units.
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Basic Units
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a fundamental unit that is defined arbitrarily and not by combinations of other units.
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Boiling Point
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the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor.
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Brittle
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Hard but easily shatterd
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Cation
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Positively charged ion
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Allotrope
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each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist.
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Alloy
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a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements,
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Amorphous
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without a clearly defined shape or form
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Atom
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the basic unit of a chemical element.
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Atomic Mass Unit
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the mass of an atom expressed in atomic
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Atomic Number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element
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Atomic Weight
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the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units.
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Balance
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an even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to remain upright and steady
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Beaker
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a lipped cylindrical glass container for laboratory use
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Bond
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a strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal, resulting from the sharing or transfer of electrons.
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Celsius
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denoting a scale of temperature on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions.
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Combustion
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rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light.
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Compound
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a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
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Condensation
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a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule such as H 2 O as a byproduct.
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Conservation
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prevention of excessive or wasteful use of a resource.
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Crystal
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any solid consisting of a symmetrical, ordered, three-dimensional aggregation of atoms or molecules.
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Density
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the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance.
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Diffusion
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the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density.
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Electron
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a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
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Element
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a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
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Energy
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the capacity to do work
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Flask
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a narrow-necked glass container, typically conical or spherical, used in a laboratory to hold reagents or samples.
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Gas
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an airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity
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Heterogeneous
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of or denoting a process involving substances in different phases (solid, liquid, or gaseous).
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Homogeneous
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of the same kind
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Inert
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lacking the ability or strength to move
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Ion
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an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge
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Isotope
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an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons.
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Kelvin
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the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius.
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Lattice
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the energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinite distances.
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Liquid
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having a consistency like that of water or oil
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Mass
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a measure of the amount of matter in an object
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Metal
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a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity
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Metalloid
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an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals or semiconductors.
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Mixture
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a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
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Molecule
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a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
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Neutron
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a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
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Periodic Table
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a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure
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Property
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a thing or things belonging to someone; possessions collectively
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Proton
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a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Reaction
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an action performed or a feeling experienced in response to a situation or event
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Solid
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firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid
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Solubility
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able to be dissolved
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Solution
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
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Substance
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a particular kind of matter with uniform properties
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Symbol
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a thing that represents or stands for something else
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Temperature
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a measure of how hot something is.
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Volume
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a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space.
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Data
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Factual information, especially information organized for analysis or used to reason or make decisions.
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Divide
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to separate into parts, groups, sections, etc.
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Ductile
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capable of being hammered out thin, as certain metals; malleable
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Electricity
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the science dealing with electric charges and currents
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Electromagnetic Spectra
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Display of light
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Electron
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a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
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Electron Affinity
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the quantitative measure, usually given in electron-volts, of the tendency of an atom or molecule to capture an electron and to form a negative ion.
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Electron Cloud
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the group of electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom; a cloudlike group of electrons
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Electron Configuration Notation
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Gives the number of electrons in the subshells
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Electron Shielding
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Shielding electrons are the electrons in the energy levels between the nucleus and the valence electrons. They are called "shielding" electrons because they "shield" the valence electrons from the force of attraction exerted by the positive charge in the nucleus.
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Electronegativity
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containing negative electricity; tending to migrate to the positive pole in electrolysis.
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Energy Level
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a comparative level of capacity for vigorous activity
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Equilibrium
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a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces.
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Excited Atoms
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Produces light
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Exponential Notation
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a way of re writting a big number.
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Ferrum
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Iron
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Freezing Point
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0 Degrees in Celcius
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Gram
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a metric unit of mass or weight equal to 15.432 grains; one thousandth of a kilogram.
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Ground States
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lowest energy level
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Group
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Goin down in the periodic table
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Halide
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a chemical compound in which one of the elements is a halogen
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Halogens
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Any of a group of five chemically related nonmetallic elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
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Helium
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an inert, gaseous element present in the sun's atmosphere and in natural gas
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Heterogeneous
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Different
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Homogeneous
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Same
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Hund's Rule
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When electrons are put into orbitals having the same energy, degenerate orbitals, one electron is put into each orbital before putting a second electron into an orbital.
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Hydrogen
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a colorless, odorless, flammable gas that combines chemically with oxygen to form water
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Hydroxide
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a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl group.
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Information
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knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance
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Inner Transition Metals
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Lanthanides, Actinides
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Ionic Compound
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a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure
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Ionic Radii
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is a concept for expressing the sizes of ions in ionic crystals.
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Ionic Radius
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explains how atomic radii vary around the Periodic Table.
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Ionic Compound
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a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure
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Ionizatoin Energy
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The ionization energy or ionization potential is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.
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Ionic Radii
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is a concept for expressing the sizes of ions in ionic crystals.
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Ions
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An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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Ionic Radius
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explains how atomic radii vary around the Periodic Table.
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Ionizatoin Energy
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The ionization energy or ionization potential is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.
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Isotope
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any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus
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Ions
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An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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Kilogram
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a unit of mass equal to 1000 grams
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Isotope
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any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus
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Law of conservation of energy
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the principle that in a system that does not undergo any force from outside the system, the amount of energy is constant, irrespective of its changes in form.
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Kilogram
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a unit of mass equal to 1000 grams
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law of conservation of mass
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the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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Law of conservation of energy
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the principle that in a system that does not undergo any force from outside the system, the amount of energy is constant, irrespective of its changes in form.
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Ionic Compound
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a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure
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laW of definite proportions
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law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
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Ionic Compound
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a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure
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law of conservation of mass
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the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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law of multiple proportions
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law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
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Ionic Radii
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is a concept for expressing the sizes of ions in ionic crystals.
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laW of definite proportions
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law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
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1st law of thermodynamics
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1st-Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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Ionic Radii
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is a concept for expressing the sizes of ions in ionic crystals.
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Ionic Radius
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explains how atomic radii vary around the Periodic Table.
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2nd laW of thermodynamics
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in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.
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law of multiple proportions
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law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
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Ionizatoin Energy
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The ionization energy or ionization potential is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.
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Ionic Radius
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explains how atomic radii vary around the Periodic Table.
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light
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is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye
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Ions
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An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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Ionizatoin Energy
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The ionization energy or ionization potential is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.
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1st law of thermodynamics
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1st-Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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Isotope
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any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus
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2nd laW of thermodynamics
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in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.
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Ions
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An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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Kilogram
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a unit of mass equal to 1000 grams
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line-emission spectra
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is the amount of electromagnetic radiation of each frequency it emits when it is heated
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Law of conservation of energy
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the principle that in a system that does not undergo any force from outside the system, the amount of energy is constant, irrespective of its changes in form.
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light
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is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye
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law of conservation of mass
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the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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Isotope
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any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons in the nucleus
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laW of definite proportions
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law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
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Kilogram
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a unit of mass equal to 1000 grams
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Law of conservation of energy
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the principle that in a system that does not undergo any force from outside the system, the amount of energy is constant, irrespective of its changes in form.
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law of multiple proportions
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law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
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line-emission spectra
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is the amount of electromagnetic radiation of each frequency it emits when it is heated
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law of conservation of mass
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the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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1st law of thermodynamics
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1st-Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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laW of definite proportions
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law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
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2nd laW of thermodynamics
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in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.
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law of multiple proportions
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law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
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light
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is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye
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1st law of thermodynamics
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1st-Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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line-emission spectra
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is the amount of electromagnetic radiation of each frequency it emits when it is heated
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2nd laW of thermodynamics
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in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.
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light
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is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye
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line-emission spectra
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is the amount of electromagnetic radiation of each frequency it emits when it is heated
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