Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the study of the structure, properties, and composition of substances & the changes they undergo
|
chemistry
|
|
a substance that cant be changed into simpler substances under normal lab conditions
|
element
|
|
a purification process in which a liquid is evaporated & then condensed again to a liquid
|
distillation
|
|
a carefully controlled & repeatable procedure for gathering data to test a hypothesis
|
experiment
|
|
matter that has no definite shape or volume; takes the shape of the container
|
gas
|
|
a proposed explanation for observations
|
hypothesis
|
|
a substance formed in a chemical reaction
|
product
|
|
a substance in the gaseous state that is ordinarily a liquid or solid at room temperature
|
vapor
|
|
a substance that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions
|
compound
|
|
a starting substance in a chemical reaction
|
reactant
|
|
a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations & experiments
|
scientific law
|
|
explains observations
|
scientific theory
|
|
a mixture that is not uniform in composition
|
heterogeneous mixture
|
|
a mixture that is completely uniform in composition
|
homogeneous mixture
|
|
states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process
|
law of conservation of mass
|
|
a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and takes the shape of its container
|
liquid
|
|
the amount of matter that an object contains
|
mass
|
|
anything that has mass and takes up space
|
matter
|
|
ionized gas
|
plasma
|
|
a physical blend of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined
|
mixture
|
|
changes the form of an object but doesnt change compostion
|
physical change
|
|
a method of inquiry involving observation, experiments, hypotheses, & broad explanations called theories
|
scientific method
|
|
matter that has definite shape and volume
|
solid
|
|
a homogeneous mixture
|
solution
|
|
a sample of matter having a uniform and definite composition
|
substance
|
|
the changing of substances to other substances by the breaking of bonds in reactants & the formation of bonds in products
|
chemical reaction
|
|
atoms are converted into another compound; not usually reversible
|
chemical change
|
|
a quality of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances chemical composition
|
physical property
|
|
the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions & to form new substances
|
chemical property
|
|
the closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured
|
accuracy
|
|
measurements with a combination of units
|
derived units
|
|
describes the closeness of a set of measurements taken under the same conditions
|
precision
|
|
the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
|
density
|
|
the zero point on the kelvin temperature scale, equivalent to -273.15 degrees celcius
|
absolute zero
|
|
the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 & the boiling point is 373
|
kelvin
|
|
the % that a measured value differs from the accepted value
|
percent error
|
|
expression of numbers in the form nX10^n where n is equal to or greater than 1 or less than 10 & n is an integer
|
scientific notation
|
|
a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter
|
temperature
|
|
the space occupied by a sample of matter
|
volume
|
|
force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass
|
weight
|
|
the SI unit for mass
|
kilogram
|
|
the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
|
atom
|
|
atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
|
anion
|
|
in any sample of a chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportion by mass
|
law of definite proportions
|
|
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
|
atomic number
|
|
a unit of mass equal to one-twelth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
|
atomic mass unit
|
|
atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses due to a different number neutrons
|
isotopes
|
|
a stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode [cathode] of a tube containing a gas at low pressure
|
cathode ray (vacuum tube)
|
|
a negatively charged subatomic particle
|
electron
|
|
a subatomic particle with no charge & a mass of 1 amu: found in the nucleus of the atom
|
neutron
|
|
a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
|
proton
|
|
the dense central portion of an atom, composed of protons & neutrons
|
nucleus
|
|
the total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
|
mass number
|
|
any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
|
cation
|
|
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
|
period
|
|
the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
|
formula unit
|
|
the vertical column of elements in the periodic table
|
group
|
|
a compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution, is a hydrogen-ion donor, or an electron-pair acceptor
|
acid
|
|
a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit & carries a charge
|
polyatomic ion
|
|
group B element charaterized by addition of electrons to d suborbitals
|
transition metal
|
|
one of the classes of elements that includes a large majority of their known elements
|
metal
|
|
one of a class of elements having properties intermediate to metals and nonmetals
|
metalloid
|
|
one of a class of elements that are not lustrous & are generally poor conductors of heat & electricity
|
nonmetal
|
|
a chemical formula that shows the actual number & kind of atoms present in a molecule of a compound
|
molecular formula
|
|
a compound that is composed of molecules
|
molecular compound
|
|
a formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound
|
empirical formula
|
|
a compuond composed of + & - ions
|
ionic compound
|
|
an arrangement of elements into rows & columns according to similarities in their properties
|
periodic table
|
|
group A elements on the periodic table
|
representative element
|
|
a compound containing atoms of 3 different elements, usually containing at least one polyatomic ion
|
ternary compound
|
|
a compound composed of 2 elements
|
binary compound
|
|
a table listing metals in order of decreasing activity
|
activity series of metals
|
|
vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
|
evaporation
|
|
that portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions; the calculation of quantities of shubstances involved in chemical equations
|
stoichiometry
|
|
the amount of a substance that contains 6.02X10^23 representative particles of that substance
|
mole
|
|
any reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction
|
limiting reagent
|
|
the conversion of a solid to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state
|
sublimation
|
|
1 of 2 or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state
|
allotrope
|
|
a term used to describe a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure; denotes a random arrangement of atoms
|
amorphous solid
|
|
a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier
|
catalyst
|
|
a substance in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, repeating, & dimensional pattern
|
crystal
|
|
the energy an object has because of its motion
|
kinetic energy
|
|
an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
|
barometer
|