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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Chemistry def.
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Study of properties and behavior of matter
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heterogeneous
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nonuniform composition (it varies)
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it can....
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homogeneous
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uniform (same composition throughout)
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it cant....
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pure substances
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one thing; cannot be purified
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soluions
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mixture
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sweet tea
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compound
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elements united by processing (2 or more)
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pound together
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element
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cannot be divided by processing
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a fundamental unit/base
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3 types of physical seperations
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filtration;chromatography; distillation
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shifting sugar;papertowel and grape drink; boiling
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law of definite porportions (Law of constant compositions)
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the composition of a pure substance is the same regardless of its source
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no matter where it is from...
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physical properties
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a property that can be measured w/o changing the identity of the substance
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color;odor;density(volume and mass)
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intensive property
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independent of sample size
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density
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extensive properties
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depend on sample size
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mass and volume
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physical change
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same stu but looks different( change physical appearance identity is same)
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melting/boiling
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chemical properties
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transofrmation of a susbtance into a chemically different substance.
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water and sodium metal>hydrogen gas and sodium hydoxide "lye"
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fundamental units
derived units |
can get measure diretly
cannot be measured directly |
Standard units of measure.
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Seven Base units
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Mass(kilogram;kg)
Length(meter;m) Time(seconds;s) Current(ampere(amp);A) Temperature(kelvin;K) Amt of Substance(mole;mol) |
kg
m A K mol |
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prefix units
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Mega(M;10^6)
Kilo(k;10^3) Centa(c;10^-2) Milli(m;10^-3) Micro(u;10^-6) |
M
k c m u |
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Formula for Kelvin
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K=degrees Celcius + 273
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Formula for Celcius
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C= 5/9 (degrees Farenheit - 32)
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What is the common unit for volume?
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Liter
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______ of coke
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Different forms for Volume
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1L=1dm^3=1000cm^3=1000mL
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Mass
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the measure of the amount of material in an object
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Mass is not weight
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Accuracy
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measurements that are close to teh "correct" value
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bullseye!
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precision
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measurements taht are close to each other
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you two almost hit the same spot!
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Daltons atomic theory of matter
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1. each element is composed of an atom
2. all atoms of a element are identical; all atoms of different element are different 3. atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by chemical reaction 4.compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element are combined |
there are four.
1. composed of... 2.atoms of the element are...; different elements are... 3.NOT by chemical reaction 4.more than one element are... |
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law of constant composition
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in a given compound the relative numbers and kinds of atoms are constant.
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constant
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law of multiple proportion
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when two elements form diffrerent compounds, the mass ratio of the elements in one compound is related to the mass ratio in the other by a small whole number
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mass ratio
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J.J. Thompson
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determined charge/mass of electron
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1.76 x 10^8 c/g
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Millikan
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Oil drop experiment( charge on an electron (1.60x10^-19)
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oil
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radioactivity
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the spontaneous emission of radiation
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spontaneous
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3 types of radiation
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1.alpha particles-positiviely chareged helium atoms
2. Beta particles-electron ejected from nucleus 3.gamma Ray-ray not a particle(most penetrating) |
alpha
beta gamma |
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the nuclear atom
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most of the volume must consist of a low mass, diffuse negativley charged electron cloud.
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nucleus
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a dense positive charged object
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atomic number
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number of protons in the nucleus
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mass number
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total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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isotopes
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atoms of an element with varying numbers of neutrons
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atomic weight
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weighed average of the mass of the various isotopes of an element
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mole
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the amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of 12C
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Avogadros number
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6.02x 10^23
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group 1
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alkali metals
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group 2
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alkaline earthe metals
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group 16
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chalcogens
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group 17
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halogens
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group 18
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inert gases
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molecular formula
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a formula wheich gives the actual number and type of atoms in a moolecule
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empirical formula
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a formula which gives the lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
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condensed formula
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a formula which indicates how atoms are grouped together in a molecule
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structural formula
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a formula which shows hwo the atoms of a molecule are joined
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molecualr models
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these are three dimensional representation of molecules
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electron transfer rule
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if an electron is removed or added to a neutral atom a charged particle or ion is formed
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prediciton ionic charged
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1.metals tend to form cations
2.non-metals tend oto form anions |
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polyatomic ions
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molecules can alos gain or lose electrons and form ions
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ionic compounds
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a compound that contains positively charged ions and negativiely charged ions
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molecular weight
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the sum of the atomic weights of each atom in the molecular formula
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formula weight
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the general term, molecuule weight refers epecifically to molecular compounds. the sum of the atomic weights of each atom in the chemical formula
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