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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is abnormal in hemolytic disease? |
Increased bili No urine bili None or slightly elevated fecal urobilinogen |
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What is abnormal in viral hepitis/cirrhosis |
Increased T.bili none to increased urine bili, normal to increased fecal urobili |
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What is abnormal in obstructive bile duct disease?
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increased t. bili increased urine bili decreased fecal bili |
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What is indirect bilirubin? |
unconjugated (not h2o soluble) |
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What is direct bilirubin? |
Conjugated (h20 soluble) |
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Hep A transmission route? |
Enteric |
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Hep B transmission route? |
Parenteral/sexual |
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Hep C transmission route? |
Parenteral/sexual |
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Hep D transmission route? |
Parenteral |
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Hep E transmission route? |
Enteric |
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Hep G transmission route?
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Parental/sexual |
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Bilirubin |
Conjugated in liver Breaks down in light Excreted through urine |
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What diseases can cause juandice? |
Hemolytic anemia Obstructive bile duct Viral hepititis/cirrosis |
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What is the name of the bilirubin procedure? |
Jendrassik - Grof |
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What does caffiene - Na benzoate do in the bilirubin procedure? |
Solubilized unconjugated to conjugated to react directly with diazo reagent. |
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What does ascorbic acid do in the bilirubin procedure? |
Stops reaction |
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What does diazo do in bilirubin procedure? |
Cleaves bilirubin into dipyrroles forms purple azobilirubin |
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If Alp and GGt is elevated what does it indicate? |
Liver disease |
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If alp is increased and ggt is normal what does it mean? |
bone disease |
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Increased Alt is specific for what? |
Liver diasease |
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Ast is specific for what? |
Heart disease |
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What are common liver diseases? |
Hepititis Cirrosis Asprin toxicity |
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What deficiency is seen most in the lab |
Iron deficency |
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What consists of stage 1 iron deficiency? |
Iron depletion = decreased ferritin, all others are normal. |
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What consists of stage 2 iron deficiency? |
Iron deficient erythopoiesis, decreased ferritin, serum iron and TIBC. Normal hemoglobin |
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What is stage 3 iron deficiency? |
Decreased ferritin, serum iron TIBC and hemoglobin |
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How is iron absorbed? |
Though small intestines, can store in Fe2+ form. |
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What is the iron saturation calculation |
%saturation= serum fe/ TIBC * 100 |
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How to calculate osmolality? |
2Na+glucose/20+bun/3=osmolality |
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What does aldosterone regulate? |
Increased Na reabsorption and increased K secretion |
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what is the calcium principle? |
HCL - disassociates ca2+ from protiens 8-Hydroxyquinoline at higher ph chelates mg2+ KCN=masking agent |
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What are interfering substances for Ca method |
Mg |
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What arethe functions of magnesium? |
serves as cofactor required for enzyme substrate formation functions as an activator |
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what are the functions of calcium |
nerve impulse cofactor coagulation preservation |
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What is the funciton of phosphorus |
build and repair bones helps nerve function makes muscles contract |
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What is the purpose of electrolytes |
keeps body in balance and functions Controls hydration/dehydration |
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What is abnormal in addisons disease |
increased serum potassium |
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What is the anion gap and how is it useful?> |
Shows the difference between measured cations and anions. Helpful with diabetic keto and metabolic acidosis. |
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Define Na+ electrode |
Sodium sensitive glass membrane |
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Define K+ electrode |
membrane with valinomycin that traps k;k>na 1000:1 |
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Define Cl- electrode |
Halogen (silver chloride) electrode responds only to halogens. |
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Define HCO3- electrode |
Semi-permeable membrane and special application of pH electrode |
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What are other forums of Co2? |
HCO3- Dissolved Co2 Corunic acid carbonic ion o2 bound to protien |
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What is metabolic unbalance |
A disturbance which affects the base level bicarb Kidney |
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What is respiratory unbalance |
a disturbance which affects the acid level carbonic bicarb or pco2 Lungs |
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Medabolic acidosis results |
low bicarb low ph low hco3/h2co3 low hco3- |
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medabolic alkalosis |
increased bicarb increased ph increased hco3/h2co3 increased hco3- |
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Respiratory acidosis |
increased bicarb decreased ph increased hco3/h2co3 increased pco2 |
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Respiratory alkalosis |
decreased bicarb increased ph decreased hco3/h2co3 decreased pco2 |
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What is metabolic acidosis compensating mechanism? |
Respiratory alkalosis Lowers bicarb by renal excretion |
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What is metabolic alkalosis compensating mechanism? |
Respiratory acidosis Increased co2 retension |
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What is respiratory acidosis compensating mechanism? |
Metabolic alkalosis Retain more bicarb |
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What is respiratory alkalosis compensating mechanism? |
Lowers bicarb2 |
