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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does the word "atom" come from? |
Atomos |
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What is an atom? |
The smallest particle that can still be considered an element |
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What is the region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to held? |
Electron Cloud |
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What is an atom's extremely dense central region that is made up of protons and neutrons? |
Nucleus |
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What is an electron? |
A negatively charged particle that moves rapidly around the cloud-like that surrounds the nucleus |
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What are subatomic, positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom? |
Protons |
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What charge does a neutron have? |
Neutral |
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What is the SI unit used to express the masses of particles in atoms? |
Atomic Mass Unit |
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What does an element's atomic number tell us? |
The amount of protons |
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What is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom? |
Mass Number |
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What is the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element? |
Atomic mass |
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What are isotopes? |
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons |
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What is a charged particle called? |
Ion |
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How did Mendeleev arrange elements when he noticed a pattern? |
In order of increasing atomic mass |
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What property is used to arrange elements in the modern periodic table? |
Atomic number or the amount of protons |
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What does periodic mean? |
Happening at regular intervals |
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What are the properties of metals? |
Shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductors |
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What are the properties of nonmetals? |
Opposite of metals |
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What are the properties of metalloids? |
Shares properties of metals and nonmetals |
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What is a column of elements that often share similar physical and chemical properties? |
Groups |
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Medeleev found that elements' properties followed a pattern every how many days? |
7 |
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Which metals are most reactive? |
Alkali Metals |
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Which group of elements has 3 valence electrons? |
Transition Metals |
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Which group of elements is nonreactive? |
Noble Gases |
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Why is hydrogen set apart from other elements on the periodic table? |
Has different properties compared to the other groups |
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Which type of atom tends to gain one electron when it combines with another atom? |
Halogen |
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What is an electron in the outermost energy level? |
Valence Electron |
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What is the combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds? |
Chemical bonding |
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What is a chemical bond? |
A force of strong attraction between two atoms |
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How many electrons can the first energy level hold? |
2 |
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How many electron can the 2cd energy level hold? |
8 |
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What determines whether an atom can hold bonds? |
Amount of valence electrons |
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How are ions formed? |
When electrons are gained or lost |
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What is a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another? |
Ionic Bond |
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How is a positive ion formed? |
When electrons are lost |
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What is the 3D pattern formed in ionic bonds called? |
Crystal Lattice |
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How does an atom develop a charge? |
By gaining or losing an electron |
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What bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons? |
Covalent Bond |
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What usually consists of two or more atoms joined in a definite ratio? |
Diatomic Molecule |
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What type of bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them? |
Metallic Bond |
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What is an electron-dot diagram? |
Model for the bonds between atoms and molecules |
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What is a compound? |
Two or more elements that are chemically combined |
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What are the 3 physical properties used to identify compounds? |
Melting point, density, and color |
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Compounds can be broken down into what two types of substances? |
Elements and simpler compounds |
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What type of change is needed to break down a compound? |
Chemical |
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What is a mixture? |
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
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How is a mixture different from a compound? |
Mixtures are not chemically bonded |
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Why do substances in mixtures keep their identities? |
They haven't been chemically combined |
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What are 3 common ways to separate mixtures? |
Distillation, magnent, or centrifuge |
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What is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase? |
Solution |
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What is the substance that is dissolved? |
Solute |
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What is the substance that is dissolved in? |
Solvent |
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What is an alloy? |
Solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in metals |
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What is a measure of the amount of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent? |
Concentration |
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What is the ability of the solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature? |
Solubility |
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How does the solubility of gases change with temperature? |
Gases become less soluble as temperatures rise |
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What are 3 ways to dissolve solids faster? |
Mixing, heating, crushing |
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What is the difference between a suspension and colloid? |
A suspension settles out while a colloid is not heavy enough to settle |
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What is a process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances? |
A chemical reaction |
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What is a precipitate? |
A solid produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution |
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What are some signs that a chemical reaction is occurring? |
Gas formation, solid formation, energy change, and color change |
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What happens to the bonds of the substances during a chemical reaction? |
They break then a new bond is formed |
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What uses chemical symbols and formulas as shortcut to describe a chemical reaction? |
Chemical equation |
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What is law of conservation of mass? |
Mass cannot be created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes |
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What is a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction? |
Reactant |
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What is the substance that forms in a chemical reaction? |
Product |
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What does the arrow stand for in a chemical equation? |
Separates the formulas of the reactants from the formulas of the products |
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What is a coefficient? |
The number placed in front of a chemical symbol |
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What is a subscript? |
The number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol or formula |
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What is a synthesis reaction? |
Two or more substances combine |
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What is a decomposition reaction? |
A compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances |
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What is a single-displacement reaction? |
One element takes the place of another element |
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What is a double-displacement reaction? |
Ions from two compounds exchange places |
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What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic? |
Endothermic absorbs energy. Exothermic releases energy |
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What is the law of conservation of energy? |
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed |
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What is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction? |
Activation energy |
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What is the rate of reaction? |
The speed at which new particles form |
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What is a substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction? |
An inhibitor |
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What is a catalyst? |
A substance that speeds up a reaction |
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What does an acid increase when dissolved in water? |
The number of hydronium ions |
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What does corrosive mean? |
Destroys body tissue, clothing, and many other things |
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What are indicators? |
A compound that can indicate whether the solution is an acid or a base |
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How do the properties of acids differ from the properties of bases? |
Acids have a sour taste while bases have a bitter flavor and slippery feel |
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What is the reaction between acids and bases? |
Neutralization reaction |
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What does the pH of a solution tell us? |
The acidity or basicity of a system or the hydronium concentration |
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What is the pH of neutral solutions? |
7
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Where are basic solutions on the pH scale? |
To the right of 7 |
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Where are acids on the pH scale? |
To the left of 7 |
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What is produced when acid neutralizes a base? |
Water and salt |
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What type of compound is salt? |
Ionic compound |
