Chemistry Exam!!!

Front 1

Round off 1038.42 to 4 sig figs

Back 1

1038

Front 2

Round off 12.684 to 4 sig figs

Back 2

12.68

Front 3

Express 7.081 in scientific notation

Back 3

7.081 x 10^3

Front 4

What isn the name of the unit in 14.2 dl

Back 4

deciliters

Front 5

what is the name of the unit in 14.2 kg

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kilograms

Front 6

How many sig figs are there in the number 262,720,0.000?

Back 6

9

Front 7

Magnesium has a density of 1.74 g/cm. What is the volume of 31.1g of magnesium? (D=m/v)

Back 7

31.1/1.74= 17.8

Front 8

Provide of an example of a pure substance

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Element

Front 9

Tarnishing of silver is a chemical/physical change?

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chemical

Front 10

a horizontal row is is called a

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period

Front 11

a vertical row is called a

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group

Front 12

the element potassium, K, is a member of what family of elements?

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alkali metal

Front 13

Mg is a member of what family of elements?

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alkaline earth

Front 14

the element silicon, Si, used in semiconductors, is what type of element?

Back 14

metalloid

Front 15

what are the two subatomic particles that have almost identical masses?

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neutrons and protons

Front 16

in a solution, the solvent

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can be a solid, liquid, or gas

Front 17

in water, a substance that ionizes partially in solution is called a

Back 17

weak electrolyte

Front 18

a beaker of salt water has some solid slat at the bottom. what type of solution is in the beaker?

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saturated

Front 19

water is generally a good solvent for which of the following types of compounds?

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ionic & polar compounds

Front 20

which of the following can pass through a semipermeable membrane?

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colloidal particles

Front 21

this has a s slippery, soapy, feel

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base

Front 22

according to the definition of acids and bases, an acid is

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proton donor

Front 23

ammonium hydroxide is a weak base because

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it dissociates only slightly in water

Front 24

what organ in the body uses osmosis?

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kidney

Front 25

liquid vegetable oils are converted to solid fats such as marargine by

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hydrogenation

Front 26

the sugar in your blood is

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d-glucose

Front 27

a carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

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disaccharide

Front 28

a fatty acid salt can act as a soap to remove grease because

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the nonpolar tails of the salt dissolve in the grease and the polar salt ends dissolve in water

Front 29

blood types are differentiated by

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amino sugars present on their cell surfaces

Front 30

s monounsaturated fatty acid contains one

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double bond

Front 31

the naturally occurring monosaccharide with the greatest "sweetness" is

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fructose

Front 32

which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

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galactose

Front 33

the main lipid components on the exterior of lipoproteins which stabilize them in the blood are

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glycerolphospholipids

Front 34

what is NOT found in a saccharide?

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thiol

Front 35

one of the transport forms of cholesterol in the blood plasma is

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low density lipoprotein

Front 36

when a carboxylic acid from a fatty acid chain reacts with glycerol it results in formation of

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ester and water

Front 37

the structure of a glycerophospholipid contains

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glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, one phosphate and an amino acid

Front 38

in the fluid-mosaic model that describe cell membranes

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two layers of glycerophospholipid molecules have their nonpolar sections oriented to the inside of the membrane

Front 39

cholesterol is a/an

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steroid

Front 40

anything that has mass and takes up space

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matter

Front 41

the structures and properties of matter and the transformation from one form of matter or another

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chemistry

Front 42

new substances are formed

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chemical change/chemical reaction

Front 43

the substances do not change

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physical change

Front 44

generally observed behavior

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law

Front 45

a set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspect of the observed behavior

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theory

Front 46

to indicate the uncertainty of a single measurement

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sig figs

Front 47

has no definite shape or volume, expands to whatever shape, highly compressible

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gas

Front 48

has no definite shape, but a definite volume, only slightly compressible

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liquid

Front 49

has definite shape and volume, essentially imcompressible

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solid

Front 50

1 Calorie = 1000 cal = k1cal

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info

Front 51

substance that consists of identical atoms

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elements

Front 52

a pure substance that is made up of two or more elements in fixed ratio by mass

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compound

Front 53

a combination of two or more substances

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mixture

Front 54

the number of protons + the number of neutrons

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mass number

Front 55

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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atomic number

Front 56

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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isotopes

Front 57

an ion with a negative electric charge

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anion

Front 58

an ion with a positive electric charge

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cation

Front 59

resulting from the attraction between positive and negative ions

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ionic bond

Front 60

resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms

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covalent bond

Front 61

A compound forms
between a metal and
a nonmetal that
contain ions

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ionic compound

Front 62

NH4+

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ammonium

Front 63

NO3

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nitrate

Front 64

CO32-

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carbonate

Front 65

HCO3-

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hydrogen carbonate

Front 66

SO42-

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sulfate

Front 67

SO32-

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sulfite

Front 68

PO43

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phosphate

Front 69

PO33

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phosphite

Front 70

OH-

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hydroxide

Front 71

NO2-

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nitrite

Front 72

Electrons are shared equally.

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Nonpolar covalent bond:

Front 73

Electron sharing is not equal.

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polar covalent bond

Front 74

the loss of electrons

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oxidation

Front 75

the gain of electrons

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reduction

Front 76

Any reaction in which electrons are transferred from one species to another.

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Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

Front 77

The formula weight of a substance expressed in grams.

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molar mass

Front 78

The fraction of a solution in which the other components are dissolved.

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solvent

Front 79

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to produce a solution. (lesser amount)

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solute

Front 80

: The maximum amount of a solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

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solubility

Front 81

liquid dissolving in a liquid

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Miscible

Front 82

amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

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Concentration

Front 83

A substance that conducts electric current when dissolved in water.

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Electrolyte

Front 84

the maximum diameter of a solute particle is about 1 nm.

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solution

Front 85

the solute particle diameter is between
1nm and 1000 nm.

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colloid

Front 86

the solute particle diameter
is higher than 1000nm (separate by filter

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suspension

Front 87

allows only solvent molecules to pass through

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semipermeable membrane

Front 88

The passage of solvent molecules from a less concentrated solution across a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution

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osmosis

Front 89

The pressure necessary
to prevent osmosis.

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osmotic pressure

Front 90

A solution with lower osmolarity than blood plasma and red blood cells.

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Hypertonic solution

Front 91

The swelling and bursting of red blood cells because they cannot resist the increase in osmotic pressure when put into a hypotonic solution.

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Hemolysis

Front 92

A substance that produces H3O+ ions in aqueous solution.

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Acid

Front 93

A substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.

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base

Front 94

The amount of hydronium or hydroxide ions that a buffer can absorb without a significant change in pH.

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buffer capacity

Front 95

The study of the compounds of carbon.

Back 95

organic chemistry

Front 96

An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of predictable physical and chemical properties.

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Functional Group

Front 97

the simplest carbohydrate.

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Monosaccharide

Front 98

A hydroxyaldehyde or hydroxyketone

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carbohydrate

Front 99

All monosaccharides form ____ structures

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cyclic structures

Front 100

Table sugar, obtained from the juice of sugar cane and sugar beet.

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sucrose

Front 101

Fructose + Glucose=

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sucrose

Front 102

The principle sugar present in milk.

Back 102

lactose

Front 103

Galactose + Glucose=

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Lactose

Front 104

From malt, the juice of sprouted barley and other cereal grains. Used in cereals, candies and brewing.

Back 104

Maltose

Front 105

Glucose + Glucose=

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maltose

Front 106

A carbohydrate consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds.

Back 106

Polysaccharide

Front 107

A polymer of D-glucose.

Back 107

starch

Front 108

is the energy-reserve carbohydrate for animals.
Found in liver.

Back 108

Glycogen

Front 109

a linear polysaccharide of D-glucose units

Back 109

cellulose

Front 110

mono- and disaccharides which pass into the blood stream quickly.

Back 110

simple carbohydrates

Front 111

polysaccharides (cellulose or starch) which do not digest as quickly.

Back 111

complex carbohydrates

Front 112

any substance to which the immune system
can respond

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An antigen

Front 113

A triester of glycerol with three fatty acids

Back 113

Triglyceride

Front 114

Unsaturated fatty acids are generally liquid at room temperature

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oils

Front 115

Saturated fatty acids are generally semisolids or solids at room temperature

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fats

Front 116

Reduction of the # of double bonds in fatty acid which converts a liquid to a semisolid.

Back 116

hydrogenation

Front 117

hydrolysis of fats and oils in aqueous NaOH and produces glycerol and a mixture of fatty acid salts called soaps.

Back 117

saponification

Front 118

(hydrophilic) head groups are in contact with the aqueous environment

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polar

Front 119

(hydrophobic) tails are buried within the bilayer and shielded from the aqueous environment.

Back 119

nonpolar

Front 120

steroids are a type of ____

Back 120

lipid

Front 121

most abundant steroid in the human body.

Back 121

Cholesterol

Front 122

transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver & transfer cholesterol to LDL.

Back 122

High-density lipoproteins

Front 123

Most cholesterol is carried by ___

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LDL

Front 124

chief constituents of skin, bone, hair, and nails.

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structure

Front 125

Most reactions in living systems catalyzed by proteins called enzymes.

Back 125

Catalysts

Front 126

muscles are made up of protein

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Movement

Front 127

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to cells;

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transport

Front 128

Many hormones are proteins (insulin)

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hormones

Front 129

Blood clotting involves a protein; antibodies are proteins.

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protection

Front 130

Ferritin, a protein in the liver, stores iron.

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storage

Front 131

Certain proteins control the expression of genes

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regulation

Front 132

are the individual UNITS that form Proteins

Back 132

amino acids

Front 133

carboxylic group
ionized in solution

Back 133

amino acids

Front 134

(hydrophobic) with hydrocarbon side chains.

Back 134

nonpolar

Front 135

(hydrophilic) with polar or ionic side chains.

Back 135

polar

Front 136

(hydrophilic) with acidic side chains.

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acidic

Front 137

(hydrophilic) with –NH2 side chains

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basic

Front 138

An amino acid is _____ when the R group is a carboxylic acid.

Back 138

acidic

Front 139

An amino acid is ____ when the R group is an amine.

Back 139

basic

Front 140

must be obtained from the diet.
are 10 amino acids not synthesized by the body.
are in meat and dairy products.
are missing (one or more) in grains and vegetables.

Back 140

Essential amino acids

Front 141

has charged −NH3+ and COO– groups.
forms when both the –NH2 and the –COOH groups in an amino acid ionize in water.
has equal + and – charges at the isoelectric point (pI).

Back 141

zwitterion

Front 142

sequence of AA in chain
the backbone of the peptide chain (protein)

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primary structure

Front 143

the alpha helix: corkscrew shape like a coiled telephone cord
three-dimensional spatial arrangement of AAs in a polypeptide chain
held by hydrogen bonds

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secondary structure

Front 144

overall 3-dimensional shape
determined by attractions and repulsions between the side chains of the AAs

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Tertiary

Front 145

Combination of 2 or more protein units
Protein “superstructure”
Stabilized by interactions between AAs

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Quaternary

Front 146

the disruption of bonds in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structures.

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denaturation

Front 147

Catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of the body.

Increase the rate of reaction by lowering the energy of activation.

Back 147

enzymes

Front 148

is a region within an enzyme that fits the shape of the reacting molecule called a substrate.

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active site

Front 149

a substrate attaches to the active site.

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In an enzyme-catalyzed
reaction

Front 150

active site has a rigid shape.

Back 150

lock and key model

Front 151

enzyme structure is flexible, not rigid.

Back 151

induced-fit model

Front 152

determine the amount of damage in tissues.
that are elevated may indicate damage or disease in a particular organ

Back 152

Diagnostic enzymes

Front 153

A ____ prepares the active site for catalytic activity.

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coenzyme

Front 154

soluble in aqueous solutions.
coenzymes for many enzymes.
not stored in the body.

Back 154

water soluble vitamins

Front 155

sum of all chemical reactions to maintain an organism.

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Metabolism

Front 156

A series of biochemical reactions.

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Pathway

Front 157

breaking down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules resulting in energy production

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Catabolism

Front 158

synthesizing larger molecules from smaller ones—WE WILL NOT COVER THIS IN THIS COURSE.

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Anabolism

Front 159

instrumental in the transfer of phosphate groups

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ATP

Front 160

stores and transfers energy.

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ATP

Front 161

is an acetyl-carrying group.

Back 161

Coenzyme A

Front 162

ATP drives the contraction and relaxation of muscle tissue.

Back 162

Mechanical energy

Front 163

Operates in neurotransmission.

Back 163

Electrical energy