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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemistry?
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the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes
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How does chemistry impact your life?
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health/medicine
energy & environment materials & technology food & agriculture |
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what gel do we use to prevent transmission of viruses and diseases?
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hand sanitizer
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what prevents you from experiencing pain during surgery or birth?
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anesthesia
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what materials is used to store enormous amounts of data on a PC?
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SI- silicone
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What material is used for the display of your android or iphone?
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LCD- liquid crystal display
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What are your major sources of energy?
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coal
water |
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where are alternative forms of energy come from and what are they?
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wind
biofuels corn solar power |
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how do we stop bugs from eating our plants and crops?
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genetically modified pesticides
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How does one do science?
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scientific method
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What is the scientific method?
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it is the process and steps used to properly do a scientific experiment.
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
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define problem
make observations/measurements convert measurements to a quantitative/qualitative representation. |
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What is a hypothesis?
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a tentative explanation of observations
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what is a law?
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a concise verbal/mathematical statement showing relationships btw observations
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what is a theory?
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a unifying principle that explains explanations
it's proven |
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what is matter?
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anything that takes up space and has mass
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what is a substance?
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matter with a definite composition and distinct properties
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what is a mixture?
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combo of 2 or more substances
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what are the 2 types of mixtures and explain them?
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homogeneous is a mixture with a uniform composition ex soda, milk
heterogenous is not uniform in composition ex trail mix |
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what is an element?
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substance that can NOT be broken down further by chemical means
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what table has 117 elements?
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periodic table
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what is a compound?
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a substance composed of 2 or more elements
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Al
F O |
aluminum
fluorine oxygen |
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As
Au P Ba H Pt |
Arsenic
gold phosphorus barium hydrogen platinum |
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Bi
I K Br Fe Si |
bismuth
iodine potassium bromine iron silicon |
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Ca
Pb Ag C Mg Na |
calcium
lead silver carbon magnesium sodium |
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Cl
Mn S Cr Hg Sn |
chlorine
manganese sulfur chromium mercury tin |
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Co
Ni W Cu N Zn |
Cobalt
Nickel tungsten copper nitrogen zinc |
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Li
Cl U Ne |
lithium
Chlorine Uranium Neon |
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What are the 2 types of matter?
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mixtures
pure substances |
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what is diatomic
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2 elements
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melting point
boiling point |
physical changes
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SI units
length mass time electrical current temperature amount of substance luminous intensity |
meters (m)
kilograms (kg) second (sec) ampere (amp) Kelvin (K) mole candela (cd) |
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tera (T)
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10^12
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giga (G)
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10^9
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mega (M)
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10^6
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kilo (k)
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10^3
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deci (d)
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10^-1
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centi (c)
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10^-2
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milli (m)
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10^-3
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micro (u)
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10^-6
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nano (n)
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10^-9
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pico (p)
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10^-12
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what is the density formula?
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d=m/v
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solids and liquids
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g/ML or g/cm^3
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gases
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g/L
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1mL=
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1cm^3
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1000mL=
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1000cm^3= 1L
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What are the 3 states of matter?
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solid
liquid gas |
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What is the difference btw physical and chemical properties?
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physical no change in the composition of matter and there is a change in the chemical
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intensive property
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property that does NOT depend on how much matter is considered
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extensive property
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does matter and depend on how much matter
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is length
volume temperature mass density extensive/intensive? |
extensive
extensive intensive extensive intensive |
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SI units of measure:
length mass time electrical current temp amount of substance luminous intensity |
meter (m)
mass (kg) time (sec) amp (A) mole (mol) cadella (cd) |
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know the converting temps formula
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?k=(C+273.15C) 1k/1C
?C=(F-32F)*5c/9f ?F=9F/5C*(C)+32F |
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know the scientific notation rules
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and how they work
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scientific rules (adding/subtracting)
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must have the same exponenet
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multiplying/dividing)
scientific rules |
add the exponents
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sig fig rules:
845 40501 0.08L |
3
4 1 |
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2.0
.3005 400 |
2
4 uncertain |
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sig figs:
adding/subtracting multiplication/division |
same number of digits to the right of the number
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multiplication/division
sig figs |
total number of sig figs
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accuracy
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how close a measurement is to the true value
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precision
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how close 2 or more measurements are to each other
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percent error formula
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(true value-experimental value)/true value * 100
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study factor label method
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problems in the back of the book
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what is the difference btw compounds and molecules
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compounds are 2 or more elements
molecules are 2 or more atoms |
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what are the 3 supporting laws
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law of definite proportions- the ratio of elements will always be the same
law of multiple proportions-2 elements can combine and form multiple compds law of conservation of mass-matter can neither be created or destroyed only conserved |
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discovered the nucleus
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Rutherford by using gold foil experiment and the alpha particles were deflected
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4 subatomic particles of an atom
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protons, neutrons, electrons, and quarks
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who discovered the electron and how?
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millikan and JJ Thomson
millikan discovered electron charge and thomson discovered the charge to mass ratio |
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Who discovered radioactive materials
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marie curie
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Who discovered protons
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rutherford gold foil exp
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who discovered neutrons
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chadwich
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Atomic number
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number of protons in nucleus (z)
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mass number
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sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus
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isotope
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elements with same number of protons and different number of neutrons
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what 3 categories are elements divded into
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metals, nonmetals, metalloids
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1A
2A 7A 8A |
alkali
alkaline halogens noble gases |
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middle of p.t.
bottom 2 rows |
transition metals
latinides actinides |
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cations
anions |
positive charge
negative charge |
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what do cations and anions form?
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IONIC COMPOUNDS
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CHARGES:
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A |
+1
+2 +3 -4 -3 -2 -1 |
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ionic compd
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metal and non metal (opposite sides of the pt)
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molecular compd
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2 nonmetals
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carbide
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C4-
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silicide
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Si4-
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Nitride
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n3-
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phosphide
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p3-
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oxide
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o2-
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sulfide
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s2-
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Selenide
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Se2-
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telluride
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te2-
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fluoride
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f-
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chloride
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cl-
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bromide
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Br-
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iodide
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I-
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telluride
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te2-
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fluoride
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f-
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chloride
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cl-
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bromide
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Br-
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iodide
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I-
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ACID
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a substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water
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oxoacids
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acid that contains H,O & another element
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HNO3
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nitric acid
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H2CO3
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carbonic acid
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H3PO4
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phosphoric acid
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base
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substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
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naming hydrates
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use prefixes for hydrates
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