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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the structure of an atom?
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Nucleus encasing protons and neutrons. Electrons in outer shells.
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Define/Describe:
1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron |
1.positive charge; number represents the atomic number of the atom.
2.neutral particle; added to the number of protons is the atomic weight of the atom. 3.negatively charged particle; equal to the number of protons |
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1. Define Isotope
2. What is a cation? 3. What is an anion? |
1.atom(s) with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
2. positive ions 3. negative ions |
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Define:
1. Molecule 2. Compound |
1. two or more same or different atoms combined to form a new substance.
2. two or more different elements bonded together to form a new substance. |
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What are the three types of chemical bonds? Define each.
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1. ionic bond: Atoms that lose or gain an electron and become an ion...charged either negative or positive.
2. covalent bonds: atoms joined by sharing electrons. No ions involved. More stable and stronger 3. Hydrogen bonds (intermolecular): this is not a true bond but a force/attraction between molecules. Weakest type of bond. |
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What are the two types of covalent bonds? Describe.
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1. Polar covalent: unequal sharing of electrons...one positive end/one negative end.
2. Non-polar covalent: equal sharing of electrons. Overall neutral/NO POLES. *Polar and non polar covalent compounds DO NOT MIX. ex) water and oil. |
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What is the structure of an atom?
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Nucleus encasing protons and neutrons. Electrons in outer shells.
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Define/Describe:
1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron |
1.positive charge; number represents the atomic number of the atom.
2.neutral particle; added to the number of protons is the atomic weight of the atom. 3.negatively charged particle; equal to the number of protons |
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1. Define Isotope
2. What is a cation? 3. What is an anion? |
1.atom(s) with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
2. positive ions 3. negative ions |
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Define:
1. Molecule 2. Compound |
1. two or more same or different atoms combined to form a new substance.
2. two or more different elements bonded together to form a new substance. |
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What are the three types of chemical bonds? Define each.
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1. ionic bond: Atoms that lose or gain an electron and become an ion...charged either negative or positive.
2. covalent bonds: atoms joined by sharing electrons. No ions involved. More stable and stronger 3. Hydrogen bonds (intermolecular): this is not a true bond but a force/attraction between molecules. Weakest type of bond. |
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What are the two types of covalent bonds? Describe.
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1. Polar covalent: unequal sharing of electrons...one positive end/one negative end.
2. Non-polar covalent: equal sharing of electrons. Overall neutral/NO POLES. *Polar and non polar covalent compounds DO NOT MIX. ex) water and oil. |
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Define/Describe:
1. Inorganic compounds 2. Organic compounds |
1. usually lack carbon, with the exception of carbon dioxide, oxygen and carbon monoxide.
2. contains carbon;larger and more stable; includes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, ATP. |
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What are the three types of electrolytes? Describe.
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1. Acids: substances that undergo ionization and releases hydrogen ions into a solution. PROTON DONORS (+)
2. Bases: substances when mixed with water undergo ionization and release hydroxide ions into solution. PROTON ACCEPTORS (-) 3. Salts: substances when mixed with water undergo ionization and release anions and cations that ARE NOT H+ or OH- |
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Describe where acids and bases fall on the ph scale. What is the ph of blood?
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Ph scale= 0-14
Acids = 0-6.9 Bases = 7.1-14 7 is neutral The ph of blood is between 7.35-7.45 |
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What is a carbohydrate? What are the different types?
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1. Carbohydrate: make up 2-3% of body. Simple sugars and starches.
a)Monosaccharides: basic unit. simple sugars. Ex)glucose b)Dissacharides: two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. ex) lactose and sucrose c)Polysaccharides: long chains of monosaccharides. Form glycogen which is the storage form of glucose. |
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What are lipids? What are the different types?
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1. Lipids: fats. 18-25% of body weight.
a)triglycerides: basic unti. Glycerol + 3 fatty acids. fats found in the diet. b)phospholipids c)steriods: |
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What are the functions of lipids?
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energy reserves
form cell membrane form hormones cushioning/protection insulation |
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What are proteins?
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basic unit is the amino acid which are bonded together by peptide bonds (covalent) to form larger chains called polypeptide.
Collagen- most abundant protein in the body which forms connective tissue. Keratin- skin, hair, nails |
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Define/Describe enzymes
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1. Regulatory proteins
2. Speed up chemical reactions- necessary for metabolism. 3. Specificity- almost every reaction in the body has its own enzyme. |
