Chemistry (Coordination Sphere - Density)

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Coordination sphere

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The metal ion and its surrounding ligands

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Coordination-sphere isomers

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Structural isomers of coordination compounds in which the ligands within the coordination sphere differ

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Copolymer

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A complex polymer resulting from the polymerization of two or more chemically different monomers

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Core electrons

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the electrons that are not in the outermost shell of an atom

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Corrosion

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The process by which a metal is oxidized by substances in its environment

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Covalent bond

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A bond formed between two or more atoms by a sharing of electrons

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Covalent-network solids

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Solids in which the units that make up the three-dimensional network are joined by covalent bonds

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Critical mass

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The amount of fissionable material necessary to maintain a chain reaction

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Critical pressure

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The pressure at which a gas at its critical temperature is converted to a liquid state

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Critical temperature

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The highest temperature at which it is possible to convert the gaseous form of a substance to a liquid, this increases with an increase in the magnitude of intermolecular forces

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Cross linking

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The formation of bonds between polymer chains

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Crystal-field theory

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A theory that accounts for the colors and the magnetic and other properties of transition-metal complexes in terms of the splitting of the energies of metal ion d orbitals by the elctrostatic interaction with the ligands

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Crystal lattice

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An imaginary network of points on which the repeating unit of the structure of a solid (the contents of the unit cell) may be imagined to be laid down so that the structure of the crystal is obtained each point represents an identical environment in the crystal

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Crystaline solid (Crystal)

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A solid whose internal arrangement of atoms, moledcules, or ions shows a regular repetition in any direction through the solid

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Crystallinity

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A measure of the extent of crystalline character (order) in a polymer

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Crystallization

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The process in which a dissolved solute comes out

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Cubic close packing

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A close-packing arrangement in which the atoms of the third layer of a lolid are not directly over those in the first layer

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Curie

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A measure of radioactivity

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Cycloalkanes

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Saturated hydrocarbons of general formula CnH2n in which the carbon atoms form a closed ring

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Dalton's law of partial pressures

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A law stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone

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d-d transition

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the transition of an electron from a lower-energy d orbital to a higher-energy d orbital

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Decomposition reaction

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A chemical reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more products

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Degenerate

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A situation in which two or more orbitals have the same energy

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Delocalized electrons

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Electrons that are spread over a number of atoms in a molecule rather than localized between a pair of atoms

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Density

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The ratio of an object's mass to its volume