Chemistry Chp. 1 And 2

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that has mass and takes up shape

Front 2

chemistry

Back 2

the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

Front 3

five branches of chemistry

Back 3

organic chemistry

inorganic chemistry

biochemistry

analytical chemistry

physical chemistry

Front 4

pure chemistry

Back 4

pursuit of chemical knowledge just for the sake of knowledge

Front 5

applied chemistry

Back 5

research dedicated towards a specific goal/application

Front 6

scientific method

Back 6

a logical, systematic approach to a scientific problem

Front 7

steps to scientific method

Back 7

make an observation

form a hypothesis

test hypothesis with an experiment

Front 8

theory

Back 8

well tested explanation of a set of observations (can change)

Front 9

scientific law

Back 9

concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. it just describes relationships, doesnt explain

Front 10

measurement

Back 10

a quantity that has both a number and a unit

Front 11

1 cm cubed

Back 11

1 mL

Front 12

1 m cubed

Back 12

1000 L

Front 13

Kelvin conversion

Back 13

C+273

Front 14

mole

Back 14

mol- amount of a substance

Front 15

candela

Back 15

cd- luminous intensity

Front 16

amperes

Back 16

A- electrical current

Front 17

mass

Back 17

amount of particles in a substance

Front 18

volume

Back 18

the amount of space it takes up

Front 19

physical properties

Back 19

characteristic of a substance that can change without the substance becoming a different substane

Front 20

qualitative properties

Back 20

describe using adjectives

things you can observe

Front 21

quantitative properties

Back 21

things that involve numbers

extensive or intensive

Front 22

solid

Back 22

fixed shape, fixed volume, closely packed particles, not easily compressed

Front 23

liquid

Back 23

indefinite shape, fixed volume, close particles (loosely packed), not easily compressed

Front 24

gas

Back 24

indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed, spread apart particles

Front 25

extensive properties

Back 25

depend on the amount of substance present

mass, volume, enthalpy, entropy, energy

Front 26

intensive

Back 26

independent of the amount of substance present

density

temperature

boiling point

pressure

ductility

Front 27

physical changes

Back 27

change in one or more physical properties, but no change in the fundamental components that make up the substance

Front 28

phase changes

Back 28

state of matter changes

melting, condensation, vaporization, deposition, sublimation, freezing

Front 29

melting

Back 29

solid to liquid

Front 30

freezing

Back 30

liquid to solid

Front 31

vaporization

Back 31

liquid to gas

Front 32

condensation

Back 32

gas to liquid

Front 33

sublimation

Back 33

solid to gas

Front 34

desposition

Back 34

gas to solid

Front 35

phase diagram

Back 35

graph of pressure vs temperature that shows which phase a substance exists under different conditions of temperature and pressure

Front 36

triple point

Back 36

on a phase diagram where the matter is a solid, liquid, and gas at the same time

equilibrium is reached

Front 37

heating curve

Back 37

Front 38

cooling curve

Back 38

Front 39

matter can be...

Back 39

...substances or mixtures

Front 40

substances

Back 40

matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition

elements and compounds

Front 41

elements

Back 41

the smallest form of a substance that has the properties of a substance

can be combined with other elements

cannot be stably be broken down

represented with chemical symbols from the periodic table

Front 42

compounds

Back 42

substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

always have the same composition

always contain at least two different elements

can only be broken down through chemical means

represented with chemical formulas

Front 43

mixtures

Back 43

material of variable composition that contains two or more substances

can be separated into pure substance of either elements and or compounds

Front 44

homogeneous mixtures

Back 44

same throughout, also called solutions

Front 45

heterogeneous mixtures

Back 45

contain regions of different properties

Front 46

distilation

Back 46

method for separating the components of a liquid mixture by evaporation, that utilizes different boiling points

Front 47

filtration

Back 47

method for separating components of a mixture containing a solid and liquid using a filter

Front 48

crystallization

Back 48

results in a solid forming out of a super saturated solution

Front 49

chromatography

Back 49

separates the components of a mixture, the mobile phase, on the basis of tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material, stationary phase

has to do with color

Front 50

periodic table

Back 50

elements arranged based on physical and chemical properties
periods are horizontal rows (7)

groups are vertical columns (16)

Front 51

chemical properties

Back 51

characteristics of a substance that can change into a different substance

acidity, enthalpy, flammability, reactivity, electronegativity, oxidation state

Front 52

chemical changes

Back 52

change in fundamental components of the substance, a given substance changes into a different substance or substances

also called chemical reactions

composition always changes

Front 53

reactants

Back 53

initial substance before the reaction

Front 54

product

Back 54

the substance produced during the reaction

Front 55

indicators of a chemical reaction

Back 55

change of color

bubbles/ formation of gas

formation of a solid

transfer of energy

Front 56

law of conservation of mass

Back 56

mass is neither created nor destroyed

Front 57

solving conservation of mass problems

Back 57

step 1: identify products and reactants

step 2: write a reaction

step 3: substitute given values

step 4: solve for unknowns