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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meaning of Soap |
- Sodium or Potassium salts - Long chain of carboxylic acid |
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Name the process of making Soap |
Saponification |
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Characteristics of Detergent/Soap Molecules (Head) |
- Hydrophilic - Attracts to water - Repel from oil - Sodium ion |
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Characteristics of Detergent/Soap Molecules (Tail) |
- Hydrophobic - Long carbon chain - Attracts at oil - Repels from water |
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Explain the cleaning action of Soap and Detergent |
- Soap molecules lower surface tension of water - Tail will dissolve in grease - Head will remain in water - Scrubbing action loosen grease - Grease is dispersed into droplets and emulsified - Water is rinsed alongside with droplets |
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Properties of Soap |
- Effective in soft water - Forms scum in hard water - Not effective in acidic water - Biodegradable |
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Properties of Detergents |
- Effective in soft and hard water - Does not form scum - Effective in acidic water - Non-biodegradable |
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Meaning of food additives |
- Substances added to food - Improve appearance - Improve flavour |
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Function and Examples of Preservatives |
- Prevent growth of microorganisms - Increase shelf life - Canned food, tomato sauce |
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Function and Example of Colourings |
- Give food colour - Improve appearance - Azo compound, Pandan |
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Function and Example of Antioxidants |
- Prevent oxidation of fats and oil - Vitamin C, Citric Acid |
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Function and Example of Stabilisers and Thickeners |
- Improve texture of food - Gelatin, Lechitin |
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Function and Example of Flavorings |
- Enhance the flavour - MSG, Aspartme |
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Negative effects of Food Additives |
- Allergy - MSG - chest pain, giddiness - Cancer - Hyperactivity - tartrazine - restless - Brain Damage |
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Meaning of Medicine |
Substance used to - prevent diseases - cure diseases - reduce pain |
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Examples and Functions of Traditional Medicine |
Garlic - Flu Ginger - Stomach pain Aloe Vera - Skin irritation Lemongrass - Antibacterial properties |
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Function and Example of Analgesics |
Relieve pain - Aspirin - relieve headache - Paracetamol - reduce fever - Codeine - cough medicine |
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Function and Example of Antibiotics |
Kill, slow down growth of bacteria - Penicillin - treat bacterial infections - Streptomycin - treat TB |
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Function and Example of Psychoterapautics |
Treat mental diseases - Stimulants - more alert - Antidepressant - calmness - Antipsychotic - treat hallucinations |
