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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the electron cloud? |
The area of space around the nucleus where electrons travel |
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How do you know the amount of energy an electron has? |
Electrons closer to nucleus-less energy Electrons Farther to nucleus- more energy |
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What are Valence Electrons? |
Electrons found on the outer energy level. |
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What is the Electron Dot Diagram? |
-Lewis Structure -Shows the reactive electrons of an atom found in the outer energy level. |
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What is an Ion? |
Atom or molecule that is no longer neutral since it has lost or gained an electron |
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What is chemical bonding? |
-Elements that do not have a complete energy level that tend to react. -Chemical Bonding happens when the elements react |
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How do elements bond? |
Atoms form with other atoms using electrons in their outer energy level. |
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What is an Ionic bond? |
-Chemical bonding holding together -between metal + nonmetal -responsible for gaining or losing electrons |
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What are the different ways atoms bond? |
-Gain Electrons -Lose Electrons -Pooling Electrons -Sharing Electrons |
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What is a covalent bond? |
-Electrons are shared -Forms between nonmetals only -Produce molecular compounds |
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What is a positive ion? |
-an atom that has lost one or more electrons -Positive charge |
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What is a Negative Ion? |
-An atom that has gained one or more electrons -Negative Charge |
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What is Metallic Bonding? |
-electrons in the outer energy level are not tightly held together -Electrons stick together |
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What are polar bonds? |
-electrons are shared unevenly |
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What is an Endothermic Reaction? |
-Energy is observed -Reactants are more stable |
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What is an Exothermic reaction? |
-Reaction in which energy is *released* -Products are more stable |
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What is the difference between Reactants and Products? |
Reactants- substances before the reaction Products- substances after the reaction |
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What are subscripts? |
-Number of atoms of the element |
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What is a coefficient? |
-Number of molecules |
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Why should you balance a chemical equation? |
-conservation of matter -Equations must be balanced -# of atoms in reactants=# of atoms in products |
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What happens during a chemical reaction? |
-involves a collision between particles. These particles collide and make new substances |
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What is activation energy? |
The energy needed to start. A reaction |
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What are the factors affecting a Chemical Reaction ? |
-Temperature -Amount of Concentration -Surface area -Catalyst |
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What is the inhibitor? |
-A substance that slows down a chemical reaction |
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How does the temperature affect a chemical reaction? |
Increasing temp-speeds up reaction Decreasing temp-slows down Reaction |
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How does surface Area affect a chemical reaction? |
-Makes the reaction fast |
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How does concentration affect a chemical reaction? |
Lower concentration-slower reaction Higher Concentration-faster reaction |
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How does a catalyst affect a chemical reaction? |
-A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
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What is a solution? |
-a HOMOGENEOUS mixture -made up of two parts: solute and solvent |
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What is the difference between a solute and solvent? |
Solute- the substance that dissolves Solvent- the substance that dissolves the solute |
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What are the 3 types of solutions? |
Liquid, Gaseous, solid |
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What is an Aqueous Solution? |
-A solution in which water water is the solvent since anything can dissolve in it. |
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What is Crystallization? |
-Physical change -solute can come back out of a solution + form a solid. |
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What is a precipitate? |
-chemical change -A solid that is formed when solutions are mixed |
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What is the difference between soluble + Insoluble? |
Soluble- a substance that can dissolve Insoluble- a substance that can't dissolve |
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What is solubility? |
The measurement of how much amount of solute can dissolve in a given solvent |
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What are the rates of dissolving? |
Shaken, heated, stirred, grinded |
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What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated? |
Saturated- can contain all the solute Unsaturated- less solute to dissolve in a solvent Supersatursted- too much solute |
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What is concentration? |
Tells how much solute is in a solution |
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What is the pH scale? |
Measures how acidic or basic a solution is |
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What is the difference between acids and bases? |
Acids- pH from 0-7 Bases- pH from 7-14 |
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Characteristics of acids |
-Sour taste -Turns blue litmus paper red -Conduct electricity -Reacts strongly with metals |
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Characteristics of Bases |
-A bitter taste -It feels slippery -Turns red litmus blue -Corrosive -Not as reactive |
